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Register a new userOptimization of Timepix3-based conventional Compton camera using electron track algorithm
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The hybrid pixel detector Timepix3 allows the measurement of the time and energy deposition of an event simultaneously in each 55 $mu$m pixel, which makes Timepix3 a promising approach for a compact Compton camera. However, in Compton camera based on this kind of pixelated detector, the angular resolution is degraded in imaging of MeV gamma sources, because the diffusion of energetic Compton electron or photoelectron could trigger many pixels and lead to an inaccurate measurement of interaction position. In this study, an electron track algorithm is used to reconstruct the interaction point. From the demonstration of a Timepix3-based single layer Compton camera, a significant improvement of angular resolution is shown experimentally. The Timepix3-based single layer Compton camera could provide an ARM of 14 degrees (FWHM) in imaging of a Co-60 gamma source.
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One of the most computationally challenging problems expected for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is determining the trajectory of charged particles during event reconstruction. Algorithms used at the LHC today rely on Kalman filtering, which builds physical trajectories incrementally while incorporating material effects and error estimation. Recognizing the need for faster computational throughput, we have adapted Kalman-filter-based methods for highly parallel, many-core SIMD architectures that are now prevalent in high-performance hardware. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of the improved tracking algorithm, referred to as mkFit. A key piece of the algorithm is the Matriplex library, containing dedicated code to optimally vectorize operations on small matrices. The physics performance of the mkFit algorithm is comparable to the nominal CMS tracking algorithm when reconstructing tracks from simulated proton-proton collisions within the CMS detector. We study the scaling of the algorithm as a function of the parallel resources utilized and find large speedups both from vectorization and multi-threading. mkFit achieves a speedup of a factor of 6 compared to the nominal algorithm when run in a single-threaded application within the CMS software framework.
We present the results of neutron detection in a laser plasma experiment with a CD$_2$ nanowire target. A hybrid semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 covered with neutron converters was used for the detection of neutrons. D-D fusion neutrons were detected in a polyethylene converter through recoiled protons. Both the energy of recoiled protons and the time-of-flight of neutrons (and thus their energy) were determined. We report $(2.4 pm 1.8) times 10^7$ neutrons generated for 1~J of incoming laser energy. Furthermore, we proved that Timepix3 is suitable for difficult operational conditions in laser experiments.
Compton backscattering polarimetry provides a fast measurement of the polarization of an electron beam in a storage ring. Since the method is non-destructive, the polarization of the electrons can be monitored during internal target experiments. At NIKHEF a Compton polarimeter has been constructed to measure the polarization of the longitudinally polarized electrons stored in the AmPS ring. First results obtained with the polarimeter, the first Compton polarimeter to measure the polarization of a stored longitudinally polarized electron beam, are presented in this paper.
We have performed a novel comparison between electron-beam polarimeters based on M{o}ller and Compton scattering. A sequence of electron-beam polarization measurements were performed at low beam currents ($<$ 5 $mu$A) during the $Q_{rm weak}$ experiment in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. These low current measurements were bracketed by the regular high current (180 $mu$A) operation of the Compton polarimeter. All measurements were found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties of 1% or less, demonstrating that electron polarization does not depend significantly on the beam current. This result lends confidence to the common practice of applying M{o}ller measurements made at low beam currents to physics experiments performed at higher beam currents. The agreement between two polarimetry techniques based on independent physical processes sets an important benchmark for future precision asymmetry measurements that require sub-1% precision in polarimetry.
With the ultimate goal of developing a pixel-based readout for a TPC at the ILC, a GridPix readout system consisting of one Timepix3 chip with an integrated amplification grid was embedded in a prototype detector. The performance was studied in a testbeam with 2.5 GeV electrons at the ELSA accelerator in Bonn. The error on the track position measurement both in the drift direction and in the readout plane is dominated by diffusion. Systematic uncertainties are limited to below 10 $mu$m. The GridPix can detect single ionization electrons with high efficiency, which allows for energy loss measurements and particle identification. From a truncated sum, an energy loss (dE/dx) resolution of 4.1% is found for an effective track length of 1 m. Using the same type of chips, a Quad module was developed that can be tiled to cover a TPC readout plane at the ILC. Simulation studies show that a pixel readout can improve the momentum resolution of a TPC at the ILC by about 20%.
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