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Register a new userVariational Transformer Networks for Layout Generation
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Added by
Diego Martin Arroyo
Publication date
2021
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Generative models able to synthesize layouts of different kinds (e.g. documents, user interfaces or furniture arrangements) are a useful tool to aid design processes and as a first step in the generation of synthetic data, among other tasks. We exploit the properties of self-attention layers to capture high level relationships between elements in a layout, and use these as the building blocks of the well-known Variational Autoencoder (VAE) formulation. Our proposed Variational Transformer Network (VTN) is capable of learning margins, alignments and other global design rules without explicit supervision. Layouts sampled from our model have a high degree of resemblance to the training data, while demonstrating appealing diversity. In an extensive evaluation on publicly available benchmarks for different layout types VTNs achieve state-of-the-art diversity and perceptual quality. Additionally, we show the capabilities of this method as part of a document layout detection pipeline.
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We address the problem of layout generation for diverse domains such as images, documents, and mobile applications. A layout is a set of graphical elements, belonging to one or more categories, placed together in a meaningful way. Generating a new layout or extending an existing layout requires understanding the relationships between these graphical elements. To do this, we propose a novel framework, LayoutTransformer, that leverages a self-attention based approach to learn contextual relationships between layout elements and generate layouts in a given domain. The proposed model improves upon the state-of-the-art approaches in layout generation in four ways. First, our model can generate a new layout either from an empty set or add more elements to a partial layout starting from an initial set of elements. Second, as the approach is attention-based, we can visualize which previous elements the model is attending to predict the next element, thereby providing an interpretable sequence of layout elements. Third, our model can easily scale to support both a large number of element categories and a large number of elements per layout. Finally, the model also produces an embedding for various element categories, which can be used to explore the relationships between the categories. We demonstrate with experiments that our model can produce meaningful layouts in diverse settings such as object bounding boxes in scenes (COCO bounding boxes), documents (PubLayNet), and mobile applications (RICO dataset).
This paper proposes a novel graph-constrained generative adversarial network, whose generator and discriminator are built upon relational architecture. The main idea is to encode the constraint into the graph structure of its relational networks. We have demonstrated the proposed architecture for a new house layout generation problem, whose task is to take an architectural constraint as a graph (i.e., the number and types of rooms with their spatial adjacency) and produce a set of axis-aligned bounding boxes of rooms. We measure the quality of generated house layouts with the three metrics: the realism, the diversity, and the compatibility with the input graph constraint. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations over 117,000 real floorplan images demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods and baselines. We will publicly share all our code and data.
Despite significant recent progress on generative models, controlled generation of images depicting multiple and complex object layouts is still a difficult problem. Among the core challenges are the diversity of appearance a given object may possess and, as a result, exponential set of images consistent with a specified layout. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach for layout-based image generation; we call it Layout2Im. Given the coarse spatial layout (bounding boxes + object categories), our model can generate a set of realistic images which have the correct objects in the desired locations. The representation of each object is disentangled into a specified/certain part (category) and an unspecified/uncertain part (appearance). The category is encoded using a word embedding and the appearance is distilled into a low-dimensional vector sampled from a normal distribution. Individual object representations are composed together using convolutional LSTM, to obtain an encoding of the complete layout, and then decoded to an image. Several loss terms are introduced to encourage accurate and diverse generation. The proposed Layout2Im model significantly outperforms the previous state of the art, boosting the best reported inception score by 24.66% and 28.57% on the very challenging COCO-Stuff and Visual Genome datasets, respectively. Extensive experiments also demonstrate our methods ability to generate complex and diverse images with multiple objects.
Layout is a fundamental component of any graphic design. Creating large varieties of plausible document layouts can be a tedious task, requiring numerous constraints to be satisfied, including local ones relating different semantic elements and global constraints on the general appearance and spacing. In this paper, we present a novel framework, coined READ, for REcursive Autoencoders for Document layout generation, to generate plausible 2D layouts of documents in large quantities and varieties. First, we devise an exploratory recursive method to extract a structural decomposition of a single document. Leveraging a dataset of documents annotated with labeled bounding boxes, our recursive neural network learns to map the structural representation, given in the form of a simple hierarchy, to a compact code, the space of which is approximated by a Gaussian distribution. Novel hierarchies can be sampled from this space, obtaining new document layouts. Moreover, we introduce a combinatorial metric to measure structural similarity among document layouts. We deploy it to show that our method is able to generate highly variable and realistic layouts. We further demonstrate the utility of our generated layouts in the context of standard detection tasks on documents, showing that detection performance improves when the training data is augmented with generated documents whose layouts are produced by READ.
Poetry generation has long been a challenge for artificial intelligence. In the scope of Japanese poetry generation, many researchers have paid attention to Haiku generation, but few have focused on Waka generation. To further explore the creative potential of natural language generation systems in Japanese poetry creation, we propose a novel Waka generation model, WakaVT, which automatically produces Waka poems given user-specified keywords. Firstly, an additive mask-based approach is presented to satisfy the form constraint. Secondly, the structures of Transformer and variational autoencoder are integrated to enhance the quality of generated content. Specifically, to obtain novelty and diversity, WakaVT employs a sequence of latent variables, which effectively captures word-level variability in Waka data. To improve linguistic quality in terms of fluency, coherence, and meaningfulness, we further propose the fused multilevel self-attention mechanism, which properly models the hierarchical linguistic structure of Waka. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate Waka generation with models based on Transformer and/or variational autoencoder. Both objective and subjective evaluation results demonstrate that our model outperforms baselines significantly.
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