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Register a new userExotic diboson $Z$ decays in the U$mu u$SSM
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Juan Antonio Aguilar-Saavedra
Publication date
2021
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English
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Searches for new leptophobic resonances at high energy colliders usually target their decay modes into pairs of light quarks, top quarks, or standard model bosons. Additional decay modes may also be present, producing signatures to which current searches are not sensitive. We investigate the performance of generic searches that look for resonances decaying into two large-radius jets. As benchmark for our analysis we use a supersymmetric $text{U}(1)$ extension of the Standard Model, the so-called U$mu u$SSM, where all the SM decay modes of the $Z$ boson take place, plus additional (cascade) decays into new scalars. The generic searches use a generic multi-pronged jet tagger and take advantage of the presence of $b$ quarks in the large-radius jets, and are sensitive to all these $Z$ decay modes (except into light quarks) at once. For couplings that are well below current experimental constraints, these generic searches are sensitive at the $3sigma-4sigma$ level with Run 2 LHC data.
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So far the most sophisticated experiments have shown no trace of new physics at the TeV scale. Consequently, new models with unexplored parameter regions are necessary to explain current results, re-examine the existing data, and propose new experiments. In this Letter, we present a modified version of the $mu u$SSM supersymmetric model where a non-Universal extra U(1) gauge symmetry is added in order to restore an effective R-parity that ensures proton stability. We show that anomalies equations cancel without having to add emph{any} exotic matter, restricting the charges of the fields under the extra symmetry to a discrete set of values. We find that it is the viability of the model through anomalies cancellation what defines the conditions in which fermions interact with dark matter candidates via the exchange of $Z$ bosons. The strict condition of universality violation means that LHC constraints for a $Z$ mass do not apply directly to our model, allowing for a yet undiscovered relatively light $Z$, as we discuss both in the phenomenological context and in its implications for possible flavour changing neutral currents. Moreover, we explore the possibility of isospin violating dark matter interactions; we observe that this interaction depends, surprisingly, on the Higgs charges under the new symmetry, both limiting the number of possible models and allowing to analyse indirect dark matter searches in the light of well defined, particular scenarios.
New $U(1)$ gauge theories involving Standard Model (SM) fermions typically require additional electroweak fermions for anomaly cancellation. We study the non-decoupling properties of these new fermions, called anomalons, in the $Z-Z-gamma$ vertex function, reviewing the connection between the full model and the effective Wess-Zumino operator. We calculate the exotic $Z to Z gamma$ decay width in $U(1)_{B-L}$ and $U(1)_B$ models, where $B$ and $L$ denote the SM baryon and lepton number symmetries. For $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry, each generation of SM fermions is anomaly free and the exotic $Z to Z_{BL} gamma$ decay width is entirely induced by intragenerational mass splittings. In contrast, for $U(1)_B$ gauge symmetry, the existence of two distinct sources of chiral symmetry breaking enables a heavy, anomaly-free set of fermions to have an irreducible contribution to the $Z to Z_B gamma$ decay width. We show that the current LEP limits on the exotic $Z to Z_B gamma$ decay are weaker than previously estimated, and low-mass $Z_B$ dijet resonance searches are currently more constraining. We present a summary of the current collider bounds on $U(1)_B$ and a projection for a TeraZ factory on the $Z to Z_B gamma$ exotic decay, and emphasize how the $Z to Z gamma$ decay is emblematic of new anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetries.
U-spin symmetry predicts equal CP rate asymmetries with opposite signs in pairs of $Delta S=0$ and $Delta S=1$ $B$ meson decays in which initial and final states are related by U-spin reflection. Of particular interest are six decay modes to final states with pairs of charged pions or kaons, including $B_s to pi^+K^-$ and $B_sto K^+K^-$ for which asymmetries have been reported recently by the LHCb collaboration. After reviewing the current status of these predictions, highlighted by the precision of a relation between asymmetries in $B_s to pi^+K^-$ and $B^0to K^+pi^-$, we perform a perturbative study of U-spin breaking corrections, searching for relations for combined asymmetries which hold to first order. No such relation is found in these six decays, in two-body decays involving a neutral kaon, and in three-body $B^+$ decays to charged pions and kaons.
The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the scalar tetraquark $ T_{bb;overline{u}overline{s}}^{-}$ (in what follows $T_{b:overline{s} }^{-} $) are investigated. The mass and coupling of the $T_{b:s}^{-}$ are calculated using the two-point sum rules by taking into account quark, gluon and mixed vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. Our result for its mass $m=(10250 pm 270)~mathrm{MeV}$ demonstrates that $T_{b:overline{s}}^{-} $ is stable against the strong and electromagnetic decays. Therefore to find the width and mean lifetime of the $T_{b:overline{s}}^{-}$, we explore its dominant weak decays generated by the transition $b to W^{-}c$. These channels embrace the semileptonic decay $T_{b:overline{s}}^{-} to Z_{bc;overline{u}overline{s}}^{0}loverline{ u }_{l}$ and nonleptonic modes $T_{b:overline{s}}^{-} to Z_{bc;overline{ u}overline{s}}^{0}pi^{-}(K^{-}, D^{-}, D_s^{-})$, which at the final state contain the scalar tetraquark $Z_{bc;overline{u}overline{s}}^{0}$. Key quantities to compute partial widths of the weak decays are the form factors $G_1(q^2)$ and $G_2(q^2)$: they determine differential rate $dGamma/dq^2$ of the semileptonic and partial widths of the nonleptonic processes, respectively. These form factors are extracted from relevant three-point sum rules at momentum transfers $q^2$ accessible for such analysis. By means of the fit functions $F_{1(2)}(q^2)$ they are extrapolated to cover the whole integration region $m_l^{2}leq q2leq(m-widetilde m)^2$, where $widetilde m$ is the mass of $Z_{bc;overline{u}overline{s}}^{0}$. Predictions for the full width $Gamma _{mathrm{full}}=(15.21pm 2.59)times 10^{-10}~mathrm{ MeV}$ and mean lifetime $4.33_{-0.63}^{+0.89}times 10^{-13}~mathrm{s}$ of the $T_{b:s}^{-} $ are useful for experimental and theoretical investigations of this exotic meson.
We evaluate long-distance electromagnetic (QED) contributions to $bar{B}{}^0 to D^+ tau^{-} bar{ u}_{tau}$ and $B^- to D^0 tau^{-} bar{ u}_{tau}$ relative to $bar{B}{}^0 to D^+ mu^{-} bar{ u}_{mu}$ and $B^- to D^0 mu^{-} bar{ u}_{mu}$, respectively, in the standard model. We point out that the QED corrections to the ratios $R(D^{+})$ and $R(D^{0})$ are not negligible, contrary to the expectation that radiative corrections are almost canceled out in the ratio of the two branching fractions. The reason is that long-distance QED corrections depend on the masses and relative velocities of the daughter particles. We find that theoretical predictions for $R(D^{+})^{tau/mu}$ and $R(D^{0})^{tau/mu}$ can be amplified by $sim4%$ and $sim3%$, respectively, for the soft-photon energy cut in range $20$-$40$ MeV.
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