No Arabic abstract
The shell type supernova remnant (SNR) Cas A exhibits structures at nearly all angular scales. Previous studies show the angular power spectrum $(C_{ell})$ of the radio emission to be a broken power law, consistent with MHD turbulence. The break has been identified with the transition from 2D to 3D turbulence at the angular scale corresponding to the shell thickness. Alternatively, this can also be explained as 2D inverse cascade driven by energy injection from knot-shock interactions. Here we present $C_{ell}$ measured from archival VLA $5$GHz (C band) data, and Chandra X-ray data in the energy ranges ${rm A}=0.6-1.0 , , {rm keV}$ and ${rm B} =4.2-6.0 , , {rm keV}$, both of which are continuum dominated. The different emissions all trace fluctuations in the underlying plasma and possibly also the magnetic field, and we expect them to be correlated. We quantify this using the cross $C_{ell}$ between the different emissions. We find that X-ray B is strongly correlated with both radio and X-ray A, however X-ray A is only very weakly correlated with radio. This supports a picture where X-ray A is predominantly thermal bremsstrahlung whereas X-ray B is a composite of thermal bremsstrahlung and non-thermal synchrotron emission. The various $C_{ell}$ measured here, all show a broken power law behaviour. However, the slopes are typically shallower than those in radio and the position of the break also corresponds to smaller angular scales. These findings provide observational inputs regarding the nature of turbulence and the emission mechanisms in Cas A.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) have a variety of overall morphology as well as rich structures over a wide range of scales. Quantitative study of these structures can potentially reveal fluctuations of density and magnetic field originating from the interaction with ambient medium and turbulence in the expanding ejecta. We have used $1.5$GHz (L band) and $5$GHz (C band) VLA data to estimate the angular power spectrum $C_{ell}$ of the synchrotron emission fluctuations of the Kepler SNR. This is done using the novel, visibility based, Tapered Gridded Estimator of $C_{ell}$. We have found that, for $ell = (1.9 - 6.9) times 10^{4}$, the power spectrum is a broken power law with a break at $ell = 3.3 times 10^{4}$, and power law index of $-2.84pm 0.07$ and $-4.39pm 0.04$ before and after the break respectively. The slope $-2.84$ is consistent with 2D Kolmogorov turbulence and earlier measurements for the Tycho SNR. We interpret the break to be related to the shell thickness of the SNR ($0.35 $ pc) which approximately matches $ell = 3.3 times 10^{4}$ (i.e., $0.48$ pc). However, for $ell > 6.9 times 10^{4}$, the estimated $C_{ell}$ of L band is likely to have dominant contribution from the foregrounds while for C band the power law slope $-3.07pm 0.02$ is roughly consistent with $3$D Kolmogorov turbulence like that observed at large $ell$ for Cas A and Crab SNRs.
We present the Suzaku results of a supernova remnant (SNR), G359.1-0.5 in the direction of the Galactic center region. From the SNR, we find prominent K-shell lines of highly ionized Si and S ions, together with unusual structures at 2.5-3.0 and 3.1-3.6 keV. No canonical SNR plasma model, in either ionization equilibrium or under-ionization, can explain the structures. The energies and shapes of the structures are similar to those of the radiative transitions of free electrons to the K-shell of He-like Si and S ions (radiative recombination continuum: RRC). The presence of the strong RRC structures indicates that the plasma is in over-ionization. In fact, the observed spectrum is well fitted with an over-ionized plasma model. The best-fit electron temperature of 0.29 keV is far smaller than the ionization temperature of 0.77 keV, which means that G359.1-0.5 is in extreme condition of over-ionization. We report some cautions on the physical parameters, and comment possible origins for the over-ionized plasma.
Thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect and X-ray emission from galaxy clusters have been extensively used to constrain cosmological parameters. These constraints are highly sensitive to the relations between cluster masses and observables (tSZ and X-ray fluxes). The cross-correlation of tSZ and X-ray data is thus a powerful tool, in addition of tSZ and X-ray based analysis, to test our modeling of both tSZ and X-ray emission from galaxy clusters. We chose to explore this cross correlation as both emissions trace the hot gas in galaxy clusters and thus constitute one the easiest correlation that can be studied. We present a complete modeling of the cross correlation between tSZ effect and X-ray emission from galaxy clusters, and focuses on the dependencies with clusters scaling laws and cosmological parameters. We show that the present knowledge of cosmological parameters and scaling laws parameters leads to an uncertainties of 47% on the overall normalization of the tSZ-X cross correlation power spectrum. We present the expected signal-to-noise ratio for the tSZ-X cross-correlation angular power spectrum considering the sensitivity of actual tSZ and X-ray surveys from {it Planck}-like data and ROSAT. We demonstrate that this signal-to-noise can reach 31.5 in realistic situation, leading to a constraint on the amplitude of tSZ-X cross correlation up to 3.2%, fifteen times better than actual modeling limitations. Consequently, used in addition to other probes of cosmological parameters and scaling relations, we show that the tSZ-X is a powerful probe to constrain scaling relations and cosmological parameters.
We present newly obtained X-ray and radio observations of Tychos supernova remnant using {it Chandra} and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 2015 and 2013/14, respectively. When combined with earlier epoch observations by these instruments, we now have time baselines for expansion measurements of the remnant of 12-15 year in the X-rays and 30 year in the radio. The remnants large angular size allows for proper motion measurements at many locations around the periphery of the blast wave. We find, consistent with earlier measurements, a clear gradient in the expansion velocity of the remnant, despite its round shape. The proper motions on the western and southwestern sides of the remnant are about a factor of two higher than those in the east and northeast. We showed in an earlier work that this is related to an offset of the explosion site from the geometric center of the remnant due to a density gradient in the ISM, and using our refined measurements reported here, we find that this offset is $sim 23$ towards the northeast. An explosion center offset in such a circular remnant has implications for searches for progenitor companions in other remnants.
Resonance scattering (RS) is an important process in astronomical objects, because it affects measurements of elemental abundances and distorts surface brightness of the object. It is predicted that RS can occur in plasmas of supernova remnants (SNRs). Although several authors reported hints of RS in SNRs, no strong observational evidence has been established so far. We perform a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the SNR N49 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer aboard XMM-Newton. The RGS spectrum of N49 shows a high G-ratio of O VII He$alpha$ lines as well as O VIII Ly$beta$/$alpha$ and Fe XVII (3s-2p)/(3d-2p) ratios which cannot be explained by the emission from a thin thermal plasma. These line ratios can be well explained by the effect of RS. Our result implies that RS has a large impact particularly on a measurement of the oxygen abundance.