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Register a new userStudy of energy response and resolution of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter to hadrons of energies from 16 to 30 GeV
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Three spare modules of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter were exposed to test beams from the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator at CERN in 2017. The measurements of the energy response and resolution of the detector to positive pions and kaons and protons with energy in the range 16 to 30 GeV are reported. The results have uncertainties of few percent. They were compared to the predictions of the Geant4-based simulation program used in ATLAS to estimate the response of the detector to proton-proton events at Large Hadron Collider. The determinations obtained using experimental and simulated data agree within the uncertainties.
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The ATLAS hadronic Tile Calorimeter will undergo major upgrades to the on- and off-detector electronics in preparation for the High Luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in 2026, so that the system can cope with the HL-LHC increased radiation levels and out-of-time pileup. The on-detector electronics of the upgraded system will continuously digitize and transmit all photo-multiplier signals to the off-detector systems at a 40 MHz rate. The off-detector electronics will store the data in pipeline buffers, produce digital hadronic tower sums for the ATLAS Level-0 trigger system, and read out selected events. The modular on-detector electronics feature radiation-tolerant commercial off-the-shelf components and redundant design to minimize single points of failure. The timing, control and communication interface with the off-detector electronics is implemented with modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays and high speed fibre optic links running up to 9.6 Gbps.
A simulation study of energy resolution, position resolution, and $pi^0$-$gamma$ separation using multivariate methods of a sampling calorimeter is presented. As a realistic example, the geometry of the calorimeter is taken from the design geometry of the Shashlik calorimeter which was considered as a candidate for CMS endcap for the phase II of LHC running. The methods proposed in this paper can be easily adapted to various geometrical layouts of a sampling calorimeter. Energy resolution is studied for different layouts and different absorber-scintillator combinations of the Shashlik detector. It is shown that a boosted decision tree using fine grained information of the calorimeter can perform three times better than a cut-based method for separation of $pi^0$ from $gamma$ over a large energy range of 20 GeV-200 GeV.
This article documents the characteristics of the high voltage (HV) system of the hadronic calorimeter TileCal of the ATLAS experiment. Such a system is suitable to supply reliable power distribution into particles physics detectors using a large number of PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMTs). Measurements performed during the 2015 and 2016 data taking periods of the ATLAS detector show that its performance, in terms of stability and noise, fits the specifications. In particular, almost all the PMTs show a voltage instability smaller than 0.5 V corresponding to a gain stability better than 0.5%. A small amount of channels was found not working correctly. To diagnose the origin of such defects, the results of the HV measurements were compared to those obtained using a Laser system. The analysis shows that less than 0.2% of the about 10 thousand HV channels were malfunctioning.
The present article introduces a novel ASIC architecture, designed in the context of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter upgrade program for the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The architecture is based on radiation-tolerant 130 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor technology, embedding both analog and digital processing of detector signals. A detailed description of the ASIC is given in terms of motivation, design characteristics and simulated and measured performance. Experimental studies, based on 24 prototype units under real particle beam conditions are also presented in order to demonstrate the potential of the architecture as a reliable front-end readout electronic solution.
We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4 simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010.
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