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Register a new userIntegration of Renewable Generators in Synthetic Electric Grids for Dynamic Analysis
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This paper presents a method to better integrate dynamic models for renewable resources into synthetic electric grids. An automated dynamic models assignment process is proposed for wind and solar generators. A realistic composition ratio for different types of wind turbine generators (WTG) is assigned to each wind generator. Statistics summarized from real electric grid data form the bases in assigning proper models with reasonable parameters to each WTG. A similar process is used to assign appropriate models and parameters to each photovoltaic (PV) generator. Multiple control strategies of the renewable resources are considered and tested in case studies. Two large-scale synthetic network test cases are used as examples of modeling the dynamics of renewable generators. Several transient stability metrics are adopted to assess the stability level after being subject to N-1 contingency event. Representative contingency events are given to demonstrate the performance of the synthetic renewable generator models.
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This paper presents the first demonstration of using an active mechanism to defend renewable-rich microgrids against cyber attacks. Cyber vulnerability of the renewable-rich microgrids is identified. The defense mechanism based on dynamic watermarking is proposed for detecting cyber anomalies in microgrids. The proposed mechanism is easily implementable and it has theoretically provable performance in term of detecting cyber attacks. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is tested and validated in a renewable-rich microgrid.
Sensing and measurement systems are quintessential to the safe and reliable operation of electric power grids. Their strategic placement is of ultimate importance because it is not economically viable to install measurement systems on every node and branch of a power grid, though they need to be monitored. An overwhelming number of strategies have been developed to meet oftentimes multiple conflicting objectives. The prime challenge in formulating the problem lies in developing a heuristic or an optimization model that, though mathematically tractable and constrained in cost, leads to trustworthy technical solutions. Further, large-scale, long-term deployments pose additional challenges because the boundary conditions change as technologies evolve. For instance, the advent of new technologies in sensing and measurement, as well as in communications and networking, might impact the cost and performance of available solutions and shift initially set conditions. Also, the placement strategies developed for transmission grids might not be suitable for distribution grids, and vice versa, because of unique characteristics. Therefore, the strategies need to be flexible, to a certain extent, because no two power grids are alike. Despite the extensive literature on the present topic, the focus of published works tends to be on a specific subject, such as the optimal placement of measurements to ensure observability in transmission grids. There is a dearth of work providing a comprehensive picture for developing optimal placement strategies. Because of the ongoing efforts on the modernization of electric power grids, there is a need to consolidate the status quo while exposing its limitations to inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers on the research-and-development needs to push the boundaries for innovation.
As the concern about climate change and energy shortage grow stronger, the incorporation of renewable energy in the power system in the future is foreseeable. In a hybrid power system with a large penetration of PV generation, PV panel is regarded as a negative load in the power system. With the accurate prediction of PV output power, load frequency control could be done by controlling the thermal and hydro power plant in the system. Combined Cycle Power Plant is widely used because of its great advantages of fast response and high efficiency. This article is focusing on the mathematical modelling and analyzing of Combined Cycle Power Plant for the frequency control purpose in a model of hybrid system with large renewable energy generation.
This paper studies the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic fuel production from renewable electricity in remote areas where high-quality renewable resources are abundant. To this end, a graph-based optimisation modelling framework directly applicable to the strategic planning of remote renewable energy supply chains is proposed. More precisely, a hypergraph abstraction of planning problems is introduced, wherein nodes can be viewed as optimisation subproblems with their own parameters, variables, constraints and local objective. Nodes typically represent a subsystem such as a technology, a plant or a process. Hyperedges, on the other hand, express the connectivity between subsystems. The framework is leveraged to study the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic methane production from solar and wind energy in North Africa and its delivery to Northwestern European markets. The full supply chain is modelled in an integrated fashion, which makes it possible to accurately capture the interaction between various technologies on an hourly time scale. Results suggest that the cost of synthetic methane production and delivery would be slightly under 150 EUR/MWh (higher heating value) by 2030 for a system supplying 10 TWh annually and relying on a combination of solar photovoltaic and wind power plants, assuming a uniform weighted average cost of capital of 7%. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also carried out in order to assess the impact of various techno-economic parameters and assumptions on synthetic methane cost, including the availability of wind power plants, the investment costs of electrolysis, methanation and direct air capture plants, their operational flexibility, the energy consumption of direct air capture plants, and financing costs.
We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem is very challenging for large networks as numerical simulations and detailed eigenvalue analysis are impactical. Motivated by the above limitations, we present in this paper a systematic and computationally efficient framework for stability analysis of inverter-based distribution grids. To design our framework, we use tools from singular perturbation and Lyapunov theories. Interestingly, we show that stability of the fast dynamics of the power grid depends only on the voltage droop gains of the inverters while, stability of the slow dynamics, depends on both voltage and frequency droop gains. Finally, by leveraging these timescale separation properties, we derive sufficient conditions on the frequency and voltage droop gains of the inverters that warrant stability of the full system. We illustrate our theoretical results through a numerical example on the IEEE 13-bus distribution grid.
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