We study reductions well suited to compare structures and classes of structures with respect to properties based on enumeration reducibility. We introduce the notion of a positive enumerable functor and study the relationship with established reductions based on functors and alternative definitions.
We study a new notion of reduction between structures called enumerable functors related to the recently investigated notion of computable functors. Our main result shows that enumerable functors and effective interpretability with the equivalence relation computable are equivalent. We also obtain results on the relation between enumerable and computable functors.
An important theorem of geometric measure theory (first proved by Besicovitch and Davies for Euclidean space) says that every analytic set of non-zero $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure $mathcal H^s$ contains a closed subset of non-zero (and indeed finite) $mathcal H^s$-measure. We investigate the question how hard it is to find such a set, in terms of the index set complexity, and in terms of the complexity of the parameter needed to define such a closed set. Among other results, we show that given a (lightface) $Sigma^1_1$ set of reals in Cantor space, there is always a $Pi^0_1(mathcal{O})$ subset on non-zero $mathcal H^s$-measure definable from Kleenes $mathcal O$. On the other hand, there are $Pi^0_2$ sets of reals where no hyperarithmetic real can define a closed subset of non-zero measure.
This paper has been withdrawn and replaced by arXiv:1309.5035. In this paper we describe some examples of so called spherical functors between triangulated categories, which generalize the notion of a spherical object. We also give sufficient conditions for a collection of spherical functors to yield a weak representation of the category of tangles, and prove a structure theorem for such representations under certain restrictions.
For two DG-categories A and B we define the notion of a spherical Morita quasi-functor A -> B. We construct its associated autoequivalences: the twist T of D(B) and the co-twist F of D(A). We give powerful sufficiency criteria for a quasi-functor to be spherical and for the twists associated to a collection of spherical quasi-functors to braid. Using the framework of DG-enhanced triangulated categories, we translate all of the above to Fourier-Mukai transforms between the derived categories of algebraic varieties. This is a broad generalisation of the results on spherical objects in [ST01] and on spherical functors in [Ann07]. In fact, this paper replaces [Ann07], which has a fatal gap in the proof of its main theorem. Though conceptually correct, the proof was impossible to fix within the framework of triangulated categories.
Applicative functors are a generalisation of monads. Both allow the expression of effectful computations into an otherwise pure language, like Haskell. Applicative functors are to be preferred to monads when the structure of a computation is fixed a priori. That makes it possible to perform certain kinds of static analysis on applicative values. We define a notion of free applicative functor, prove that it satisfies the appropriate laws, and that the construction is left adjoint to a suitable forgetful functor. We show how free applicative functors can be used to implement embedded DSLs which can be statically analysed.