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Register a new userTask-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms
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Added by
Michael Gastner
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle while also keeping neighboring regions connected. Because of their distorted appearance, contiguous cartograms have been criticized as difficult to read. Some authors have suggested that cartograms may be more legible if they are accompanied by interactive features (e.g., animations, linked brushing, or infotips). We conducted an experiment to evaluate this claim. Participants had to perform visual analysis tasks with interactive and noninteractive contiguous cartograms. The task types covered various aspects of cartogram readability, ranging from elementary lookup tasks to synoptic tasks (i.e., tasks in which participants had to summarize high-level differences between two cartograms). Elementary tasks were carried out equally well with and without interactivity. Synoptic tasks, by contrast, were more difficult without interactive features. With access to interactivity, however, most participants answered even synoptic questions correctly. In a subsequent survey, participants rated the interactive features as easy to use and helpful. Our study suggests that interactivity has the potential to make contiguous cartograms accessible even for those readers who are unfamiliar with interactive computer graphics or do not have a prior affinity to working with maps. Among the interactive features, animations had the strongest positive effect, so we recommend them as a minimum of interactivity when contiguous cartograms are displayed on a computer screen.
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Cartograms are maps in which the areas of regions (e.g., countries or provinces) are proportional to a thematic mapping variable (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it keeps geographically adjacent regions connected. Over the past few years, several web tools have been developed for the creation of contiguous cartograms. However, most of these tools do not advise how to use cartograms correctly. To mitigate these shortcomings, we attempt to establish good practices through our recently developed web application go-cart.io: (1) use cartograms to show numeric data that add up to an interpretable total, (2) present a cartogram alongside a conventional map that uses the same color scheme, (3) indicate whether the data for a region are missing, (4) include a legend so that readers can infer the magnitude of the mapping variable, (5) if a cartogram is presented electronically, assist readers with interactive graphics.
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