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Register a new userContextualized Attention-based Knowledge Transfer for Spoken Conversational Question Answering
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Added by
Chenyu You
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Spoken conversational question answering (SCQA) requires machines to model complex dialogue flow given the speech utterances and text corpora. Different from traditional text question answering (QA) tasks, SCQA involves audio signal processing, passage comprehension, and contextual understanding. However, ASR systems introduce unexpected noisy signals to the transcriptions, which result in performance degradation on SCQA. To overcome the problem, we propose CADNet, a novel contextualized attention-based distillation approach, which applies both cross-attention and self-attention to obtain ASR-robust contextualized embedding representations of the passage and dialogue history for performance improvements. We also introduce the spoken conventional knowledge distillation framework to distill the ASR-robust knowledge from the estimated probabilities of the teacher model to the student. We conduct extensive experiments on the Spoken-CoQA dataset and demonstrate that our approach achieves remarkable performance in this task.
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Spoken question answering (SQA) is a challenging task that requires the machine to fully understand the complex spoken documents. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) plays a significant role in the development of QA systems. However, the recent work shows that ASR systems generate highly noisy transcripts, which critically limit the capability of machine comprehension on the SQA task. To address the issue, we present a novel distillation framework. Specifically, we devise a training strategy to perform knowledge distillation (KD) from spoken documents and written counterparts. Our work makes a step towards distilling knowledge from the language model as a supervision signal to lead to better student accuracy by reducing the misalignment between automatic and manual transcriptions. Experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art language models on the Spoken-SQuAD dataset.
Question answering (QA) systems provide a way of querying the information available in various formats including, but not limited to, unstructured and structured data in natural languages. It constitutes a considerable part of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) which has led to the introduction of a special research topic on Conversational Question Answering (CQA), wherein a system is required to understand the given context and then engages in multi-turn QA to satisfy the users information needs. Whilst the focus of most of the existing research work is subjected to single-turn QA, the field of multi-turn QA has recently grasped attention and prominence owing to the availability of large-scale, multi-turn QA datasets and the development of pre-trained language models. With a good amount of models and research papers adding to the literature every year recently, there is a dire need of arranging and presenting the related work in a unified manner to streamline future research. This survey, therefore, is an effort to present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research trends of CQA primarily based on reviewed papers from 2016-2021. Our findings show that there has been a trend shift from single-turn to multi-turn QA which empowers the field of Conversational AI from different perspectives. This survey is intended to provide an epitome for the research community with the hope of laying a strong foundation for the field of CQA.
In spoken conversational question answering (SCQA), the answer to the corresponding question is generated by retrieving and then analyzing a fixed spoken document, including multi-part conversations. Most SCQA systems have considered only retrieving information from ordered utterances. However, the sequential order of dialogue is important to build a robust spoken conversational question answering system, and the changes of utterances order may severely result in low-quality and incoherent corpora. To this end, we introduce a self-supervised learning approach, including incoherence discrimination, insertion detection, and question prediction, to explicitly capture the coreference resolution and dialogue coherence among spoken documents. Specifically, we design a joint learning framework where the auxiliary self-supervised tasks can enable the pre-trained SCQA systems towards more coherent and meaningful spoken dialogue learning. We also utilize the proposed self-supervised learning tasks to capture intra-sentence coherence. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method provides more coherent, meaningful, and appropriate responses, yielding superior performance gains compared to the original pre-trained language models. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results on the Spoken-CoQA dataset.
In spoken question answering, QA systems are designed to answer questions from contiguous text spans within the related speech transcripts. However, the most natural way that human seek or test their knowledge is via human conversations. Therefore, we propose a new Spoken Conversational Question Answering task (SCQA), aiming at enabling QA systems to model complex dialogues flow given the speech utterances and text corpora. In this task, our main objective is to build a QA system to deal with conversational questions both in spoken and text forms, and to explore the plausibility of providing more cues in spoken documents with systems in information gathering. To this end, instead of adopting automatically generated speech transcripts with highly noisy data, we propose a novel unified data distillation approach, DDNet, which directly fuse audio-text features to reduce the misalignment between automatic speech recognition hypotheses and the reference transcriptions. In addition, to evaluate the capacity of QA systems in a dialogue-style interaction, we assemble a Spoken Conversational Question Answering (Spoken-CoQA) dataset with more than 120k question-answer pairs. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves superior performance in spoken conversational question answering.
Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to recommend high-quality items to users through interactive conversations. Although several efforts have been made for CRS, two major issues still remain to be solved. First, the conversation data itself lacks of sufficient contextual information for accurately understanding users preference. Second, there is a semantic gap between natural language expression and item-level user preference. To address these issues, we incorporate both word-oriented and entity-oriented knowledge graphs (KG) to enhance the data representations in CRSs, and adopt Mutual Information Maximization to align the word-level and entity-level semantic spaces. Based on the aligned semantic representations, we further develop a KG-enhanced recommender component for making accurate recommendations, and a KG-enhanced dialog component that can generate informative keywords or entities in the response text. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in yielding better performance on both recommendation and conversation tasks.
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