A Nonlinear Mechanics-based Virtual Coiling Method For Intracranial Aneurysm

Enodvascular coils treat intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by causing them to occlude by thrombosis. Ideally, coiled IAs eventually occlude in the long-term. However, 20.8% are found incompletely occluded at treatment follow-up. Computer simulations of coiling and its effect on aneurysmal flow could help clinicians predict treatment outcomes a priori, but it requires accurate modeling of coils and their deployment procedure. In addition to being accurate, coiling simulations must be efficient to be used as a bedside tool. To date, several virtual coiling techniques have been developed, but they lack either accuracy or efficiency. For example, finite-element-based virtual coiling methods model the mechanics of coiling and are highly accurate, at the expense of high computational cost (and thus low efficiency). Geometric-rule-based coiling techniques ignore the mechanics and therefore are computationally efficient, but may produce unrealistic coil deployments. In order to develop a virtual coiling method that combines accuracy and efficiency, we propose a novel virtual coiling algorithm that models coil deployment with nonlinear mechanics and nonlinear contact. Our approach is potentially more accurate than existing simple techniques because we model coil mechanics. It is also potentially faster than finite-element techniques because it models the most time-consuming part of these algorithms-namely contact resolution-with a novel formulation that resolves contact faster with exponential functions. Moreover, we model the coils pre-shape as well as coil packaging into the catheter, both of which are important to model but are lacking from most existing techniques.