Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userThe mass function dependence on the dynamical state of dark matter haloes
120
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
Galaxy clusters are luminous tracers of the most massive dark matter haloes in the Universe. To use them as a cosmological probe, a detailed description of the properties of dark matter haloes is required. We characterize how the dynamical state of haloes impacts the halo mass function at the high-mass end. We used the dark matter-only MultiDark suite of simulations and the high-mass objects M > 2.7e13 M/h therein. We measured mean relations of concentration, offset, and spin as a function of halo mass and redshift. We investigated the distributions around the mean relations. We measured the halo mass function as a function of offset, spin, and redshift. We formulated a generalized mass function framework that accounts for the dynamical state of the dark matter haloes. We confirm the discovery of the concentration upturn at high masses and provide a model that predicts the concentration for different values of mass and redshift with one single equation. We model the distributions around the mean concentration, offset, and spin with modified Schechter functions. The concentration of low-mass haloes shows a faster redshift evolution compared to high-mass haloes, especially in the high-concentration regime. The offset parameter is smaller at low redshift, in agreement with the relaxation of structures at recent times. The peak of its distribution shifts by a factor of 1.5 from z = 1.4 to z = 0. The individual models are combined into a comprehensive mass function model, as a function of spin and offset. Our model recovers the fiducial mass function with 3% accuracy at redshift 0 and accounts for redshift evolution up to z = 1.5. This approach accounts for the dynamical state of the halo when measuring the halo mass function. It offers a connection with dynamical selection effects in galaxy cluster observations. This is key toward precision cosmology using cluster counts as a probe.
rate research
Read More
We use a high resolution $Lambda$CDM numerical simulation to calculate the mass function of dark matter haloes down to the scale of dwarf galaxies, back to a redshift of fifteen, in a 50 $h^{-1}$Mpc volume containing 80 million particles. Our low redshift results allow us to probe low $sigma$ density fluctuations significantly beyond the range of previous cosmological simulations. The Sheth and Tormen mass function provides an excellent match to all of our data except for redshifts of ten and higher, where it overpredicts halo numbers increasingly with redshift, reaching roughly 50 percent for the $10^{10}-10^{11} msun$ haloes sampled at redshift 15. Our results confirm previous findings that the simulated halo mass function can be described solely by the variance of the mass distribution, and thus has no explicit redshift dependence. We provide an empirical fit to our data that corrects for the overprediction of extremely rare objects by the Sheth and Tormen mass function. This overprediction has implications for studies that use the number densities of similarly rare objects as cosmological probes. For example, the number density of high redshift (z $simeq$ 6) QSOs, which are thought to be hosted by haloes at 5$sigma$ peaks in the fluctuation field, are likely to be overpredicted by at least a factor of 50%. We test the sensitivity of our results to force accuracy, starting redshift, and halo finding algorithm.
[ABRIDGED] The unconditional mass function (UMF) of dark matter haloes has been determined accurately in the literature, showing excellent agreement with high resolution numerical simulations. However, this is not the case for the conditional mass function (CMF). We propose a simple analytical procedure to derive the CMF by rescaling the UMF to the constrained environment using the appropriate mean and variance of the density field at the constrained point. This method introduces two major modifications with respect to the standard re-scaling procedure. First of all, rather than using in the scaling procedure the properties of the environment averaged over all the conditioning region, we implement the re-scaling locally. We show that for high masses this modification may lead to substantially different results. Secondly, we modify the (local) standard re-scaling procedure in such a manner as to force normalisation, in the sense that when one integrates the CMF over all possible values of the constraint multiplied by their corresponding probability distribution, the UMF is recovered. In practise, we do this by replacing in the standard procedure the value delta_c (the linear density contrast for collapse) by certain adjustable effective parameter delta_eff. In order to test the method, we compare our prescription with the results obtained from numerical simulations in voids (Gottlober et al. 2003), finding a very good agreement. Based on these results, we finally present a very accurate analytical fit to the (accumulated) conditional mass function obtained with our procedure, which may be useful for any theoretical treatment of the large scale structure.
We study the empirical relation between an astronomical objects angular momentum $J$ and mass $M$, $J=beta M^alpha$, the $J-M$ relation, using N-body simulations. In particular, we investigate the time evolution of the $J-M$ relation to study how the initial power spectrum and cosmological model affect this relation, and to test two popular models of its origin - mechanical equilibrium and tidal torque theory. We find that in the $Lambda$CDM model, $alpha$ starts with a value of $sim 1.5$ at high redshift $z$, increases monotonically, and finally reaches $5/3$ near $z=0$, whereas $beta$ evolves linearly with time in the beginning, reaches a maximum and decreases, and stabilizes finally. A three-regime scheme is proposed to understand this newly observed picture. We show that the tidal torque theory accounts for this time evolution behaviour in the linear regime, whereas $alpha=5/3$ comes from the virial equilibrium of haloes. The $J-M$ relation in the linear regime contains the information of the power spectrum and cosmological model. The $J-M$ relations for haloes in different environments and with different merging histories are also investigated to study the effects of a halos non-linear evolution. An updated and more complete understanding of the $J-M$ relation is thus obtained.
Virial mass is used as an estimator for the mass of a dark matter halo. However, the commonly used constant overdensity criterion does not reflect the dynamical structure of haloes. Here we analyze dark matter cosmological simulations in order to obtain properties of haloes of different masses focusing on the size of the region with zero mean radial velocity. Dark matter inside this region is stationary, and thus the mass of this region is a much better approximation for the virial mass.
We study the effect of baryons on the abundance of structures and substructures in a Lambda-CDM cosmology, using a pair of high resolution cosmological simulations from the GIMIC project. Both simulations use identical initial conditions, but while one contains only dark matter, the other also includes baryons. We find that gas pressure, reionisation, supernova feedback, stripping, and truncated accretion systematically reduce the total mass and the abundance of structures below ~10^12 solar masses compared to the pure dark matter simulation. Taking this into account and adopting an appropriate detection threshold lowers the abundance of observed galaxies with maximum circular velocities below 100 km/s, significantly reducing the reported discrepancy between Lambda-CDM and the measured HI velocity function of the ALFALFA survey. We also show that the stellar-to-total mass ratios of galaxies with stellar masses of ~10^5 - 10^7 solar masses inferred from abundance matching of the (sub)halo mass function to the observed galaxy mass function increase by a factor of ~2. In addition, we find that an important fraction of low-mass subhaloes are completely devoid of stars. Accounting for the presence of dark subhaloes below 10^10 solar masses further reduces the abundance of observable objects, and leads to an additional increase in the inferred stellar-to-total mass ratio by factors of 2 - 10 for galaxies in haloes of 10^9 - 10^10 solar masses. This largely reconciles the abundance matching results with the kinematics of individual dwarf galaxies in Lambda-CDM. We propose approximate corrections to the masses of objects derived from pure dark matter calculations to account for baryonic effects.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
