No Arabic abstract
Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are revolutionary enablers for next-generation wireless communication networks, with the ability to customize the radio propagation environment. To fully exploit the potential of IRS-assisted wireless systems, reflective elements have to be jointly optimized with conventional communication techniques. However, the resulting optimization problems pose significant algorithmic challenges, mainly due to the large-scale non-convex constraints induced by the passive hardware implementations. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity algorithmic framework incorporating alternating optimization and gradient-based methods for large-scale IRS-assisted wireless systems. The proposed algorithm provably converges to a stationary point of the optimization problem. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides significant speedups compared with existing algorithms, while achieving a comparable or better performance.
The high reflect beamforming gain of the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) makes it appealing not only for wireless information transmission but also for wireless power transfer. In this letter, we consider an IRS-assisted wireless powered communication network, where a base station (BS) transmits energy to multiple users grouped into multiple clusters in the downlink, and the clustered users transmit information to the BS in the manner of hybrid non-orthogonal multiple access and time division multiple access in the uplink. We investigate optimizing the reflect beamforming of the IRS and the time allocation among the BSs power transfer and different user clusters information transmission to maximize the throughput of the network, and we propose an efficient algorithm based on the block coordinate ascent, semidefinite relaxation, and sequential rank-one constraint relaxation techniques to solve the resultant problem. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and have shown the impact of user clustering setup on the throughput performance of the network.
In this paper, a novel intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless powered communication network (WPCN) architecture is proposed for low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, where the IRS is exploited to improve the performance of WPCN under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We formulate a hybrid access point (HAP) transmission energy minimization problem by a joint design of time allocation, HAP energy beamforming, receiving beamforming, user transmit power allocation, IRS energy reflection coefficient and information reflection coefficient under the imperfect CSI and non-linear energy harvesting model. Due to the high coupling of optimization variables, this problem is a non-convex optimization problem, which is difficult to solve directly. In order to solve the above-mentioned challenging problems, the alternating optimization (AO) is applied to decouple the optimization variables to solve the problem. Specifically, through AO, time allocation, HAP energy beamforming, receiving beamforming, user transmit power allocation, IRS energy reflection coefficient and information reflection coefficient are divided into three sub-problems to be solved alternately. The difference-of-convex (DC) programming is applied to solve the non-convex rank-one constraint in solving the IRS energy reflection coefficient and information reflection coefficient. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in reducing HAP transmission energy compared to other benchmarks.
We investigate the joint uplink-downlink design for time-division-duplexing (TDD) and frequency-division-duplexing (FDD) multi-user systems aided by an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS). We formulate and solve a multi-objective optimization problem to maximize uplink and downlink rates as a weighted-sum problem (WSP) that captures the trade-off between achievable uplink and downlink rates. We propose a resource allocation design that optimizes the WSP by jointly optimizing the beamforming vectors, power control and IRS phase shifts where the same IRS configuration is used for assisting uplink and downlink transmissions. In TDD, the proposed IRS design reduces the overhead associated with IRS configuration and the need for quiet periods while updating the IRS. In addition, a joint IRS design is critical for supporting concurrent uplink and downlink transmissions in FDD. We investigate the effect of different user-weighting strategies and different parameters on the performance of the joint IRS design and the resultant uplink-downlink trade-off regions. In all FDD scenarios and some TDD scenarios, the joint design significantly outperforms the heuristic of using the IRS configuration optimized for uplink (respectively, downlink) to assist the downlink (respectively, uplink) transmissions and substantially bridges the gap to the upper bound of allowing different IRS configurations in uplink and downlink.
This paper considers an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted multi-input multi-output (MIMO) power splitting (PS) based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with multiple PS receivers (PSRs). The objective is to maximize the achievable data rate of the system by jointly optimizing the PS ratios at the PSRs, the active transmit beamforming (ATB) at the access point (AP), and the passive reflective beamforming (PRB) at the IRS, while the constraints on maximum transmission power at the AP, the reflective phase shift of each element at the IRS, the individual minimum harvested energy requirement of each PSR, and the domain of PS ratio of each PSR are all satisfied. For this unsolved problem, however, since the optimization variables are intricately coupled and the constraints are conflicting, the formulated problem is non-convex, and cannot be addressed by employing exist approaches directly. To this end, we propose a joint optimization framework to solve this problem. Particularly, we reformulate it as an equivalent form by employing the Lagrangian dual transform and the fractional programming transform, and decompose the transformed problem into several sub-problems. Then, we propose an alternate optimization algorithm by capitalizing on the dual sub-gradient method, the successive convex approximation method, and the penalty-based majorization-minimization approach, to solve the sub-problems iteratively, and obtain the optimal solutions in nearly closed-forms. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the IRS in SWIPT system and indicate that the proposed algorithm offers a substantial performance gain.
Lattice reduction is a popular preprocessing strategy in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. In a quest for developing a low-complexity reduction algorithm for large-scale problems, this paper investigates a new framework called sequential reduction (SR), which aims to reduce the lengths of all basis vectors. The performance upper bounds of the strongest reduction in SR are given when the lattice dimension is no larger than 4. The proposed new framework enables the implementation of a hash-based low-complexity lattice reduction algorithm, which becomes especially tempting when applied to large-scale MIMO detection. Simulation results show that, compared to other reduction algorithms, the hash-based SR algorithm exhibits the lowest complexity while maintaining comparable error performance.