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Register a new userHyper Resolution Two Photon Direct Laser Writing using ENZ Nano-Cavity
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Added by
Giuseppe Emanuele Lio
Publication date
2020
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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A novel technique is reported to improve the resolution of two-photon direct laser writing lithography. Thanks to the high collimation enabled by extraordinary $varepsilon_{NZ}$ (near-zero) metamaterial features, ultra-thin dielectric hyper resolute nanostructures are within reach. With respect to the standard direct laser writing approach, a size reduction of $89%$ and $50%$ , in height and width respectively, is achieved with the height of the structures adjustable between 5nm and 50nm. The retrieved 2D fabrication parameters are exploited for fabricating hyper resolute 3D structures. In particular, a highly detailed dielectric bas-relief (500 nm of full height) of Da Vincis textit{Lady with an Ermine} has been realized. The proof-of-concept result shows intriguing cues for the current and trendsetting research scenario in anti-counterfeiting applications, flat optics and photonics.
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We experimentally demonstrate fabrication of tunable high contrast periodic fishnet metasurfaces with 3 um period on 200 nm thick Ge2Sb2Te5 films sputted onto glass and sapphire substrates using direct laser writing technique. We find that the use of sapphire substrate provides better accuracy of metasurface segments due to high thermal conductivity. The advantages of the demonstrated method consist in its simplicity, rapidity, robustness, and the ability of tuning of fabricated structures. This is of crucial importance for the creation of robust and tunable metasurfaces for applications in the field of telecommunications and information processing.
Modifying material properties at the nanoscale is crucially important for devices in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and quantum information. Optically active defects in wide band gap materials, for instance, are vital constituents for the realisation of quantum technologies. Yet, the introduction of atomic defects through direct ion implantation remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, we establish a universal method for material doping by exploiting one of the most fundamental principles of physics - momentum transfer. As a proof of concept, we direct-write arrays of emitters into diamond via momentum transfer from a Xe+ focused ion beam (FIB) to thin films of the group IV dopants pre-deposited onto a diamond surface. We conclusively show that the technique, which we term knock-on doping, can yield ultra-shallow dopant profiles localized to the top 5 nm of the target surface, and use it to achieve sub-50 nm lateral resolution. The knock-on doping method is cost-effective, yet very versatile, powerful and universally suitable for applications such as electronic and magnetic doping of atomically thin materials and engineering of near-surface states of semiconductor devices.
Temporal cavity solitons (CSs) are persisting pulses of light that can manifest themselves in continuously driven passive resonators, such as macroscopic fiber ring cavities and monolithic microresonators. Experiments so far have demonstrated two techniques for their excitation, yet both possess drawbacks in the form of system complexity or lack of control over soliton positioning. Here we experimentally demonstrate a new CS writing scheme that alleviates these deficiencies. Specifically, we show that temporal CSs can be excited at arbitrary positions through direct phase modulation of the cavity driving field, and that this technique also allows existing CSs to be selectively erased. Our results constitute the first experimental demonstration of temporal cavity soliton excitation via direct phase modulation, as well as their selective erasure (by any means). These advances reduce the complexity of CS excitation and could lead to controlled pulse generation in monolithic microresonators.
We study two-photon scattering in a mixed cavity optomechanical system, which is composed of a single-mode cavity field coupled to a single-mode mechanical oscillation via both the first-order and quadratic optomechanical interactions. By solving the scattering problem within the Wigner-Weisskopf framework, we obtain the analytical scattering state and find four physical processes associated with the two-photon scattering in this system. We calculate the two-photon scattering spectrum and find that two-photon frequency anticorrelation can be induced in the scattering process. We also establish the relationship between the parameters of the mixed cavity optomechanical system and the characteristics of the two-photon scattering spectrum. This work not only provides a scattering means to create correlated photon pairs, but also presents a spectrometric method to characterize the optomechanical systems.
Three-dimensional direct laser writing via two photon polymerization is used to fabricate anti-reflective structured surfaces composed of sub-wavelength conicoid features optimized to operate over a wide bandwidth in the near-infrared range from 3700 cm$^{-1}$ to 6600 cm$^{-1}$ (2.7 to 1.52 $mu$m). Analytic Bruggemann effective medium calculations are used to predict nominal geometric parameters such as the fill factor of the constitutive conicoid features of the anti-reflective structured surfaces presented here. The performance of the anti-reflective structured surfaces was investigated experimentally using infrared transmission measurements. An enhancement of the transmittance by 1.35% to 2.14% over a broadband spectral range from 3700 cm$ ^{-1} $ to 6600 cm$^{-1}$ (2.7 to 1.52 $mu$m) was achieved. We further report on finite-element-based reflection and transmission data using three-dimensional model geometries for comparison. A good agreement between experimental results and the finite-element-based numerical analysis is observed once as-fabricated deviations from the nominal conicoid forms are included in the model. Three-dimensional direct laser writing is demonstrated here as an efficient method for the fabrication and optimization of anti-reflective structured surfaces designed for the infrared spectral range.
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