No Arabic abstract
Despite the negative stereotypes still overshadowing community colleges, scores of freshmen nationwide are deliberately beginning their college careers at these institutions, and the numbers are increasing more than twice as fast as those of four-year schools. Approximately 300,000 of these students take introductory astronomy each year as the last formal exposure to science most of them will ever have, and at least one-third of these students do so at a community or two-year college. The importance of investing in and devoting resources and training to serve this population - everyone, demographically speaking - cannot be overstated. Yet the overwhelming majority of those who do serve this population are lacking in both areas. The community colleges heavy emphasis on teaching and student success creates both challenges and opportunities that educators must meet head-on using a variety of methods and innovative strategies, teamwork and faculty support systems, and clever workarounds. Here, we introduce both the student and faculty populations, examine some characteristics of both populations, and offer some advice for those looking to teach introductory astronomy at a community college.
We report on the initial phase of an ongoing, multi-stage investigation of how to incorporate Virtual Reality (VR) technology in teaching introductory astronomy concepts. Our goal was to compare the efficacy of VR vs. conventional teaching methods using one specific topic, Moon phases and eclipses. After teaching this topic to an ASTRO 101 lecture class, students were placed into three groups to experience one of three additional activities: supplemental lecture, hands-on activity, or VR experience. All students were tested before and after their learning activity. Although preliminary, our results can serve as a useful guide to expanding the role of VR in the astronomy classroom.
The Principle of Least Action (PLA) in Optics can be confusing to students, in part due to the Calculus of Variations, but also because of the subtleties of the actual principle. To address this problem, three simulations of the PLA are presented so students can learn the Action Principle in an experiential and interactive manner. Simulations such as MITs OpenRelativity and PhETs Quantum Mechanics have become a popular pedagogical tool to demystify abstract physical phenomena. This paper aims to help undergraduate students understand the Action Principle by introducing three numerical simulations: light reflecting in equal angles, light refracting in different mediums, and light moving between two points in the least time. The interactive simulations discussed in this paper are available here.
The nascent field of gravitational-wave astronomy offers many opportunities for effective and inspirational astronomy outreach. Gravitational waves, the ripples in space-time predicted by Einsteins theory of General Relativity, are produced by some of the most energetic and dramatic phenomena in the cosmos, including black holes, neutron stars and supernovae. The detection of gravitational waves will help to address a number of fundamental questions in physics, from the evolution of stars and galaxies to the origin of dark energy and the nature of space-time itself. Moreover, the cutting-edge technology developed to search for gravitational waves is pushing back the frontiers of many fields, from lasers and materials science to high performance computing, and thus provides a powerful showcase for the attractions and challenges of a career in science and engineering. For several years a worldwide network of ground-based laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors has been fully operational, including the two LIGO detectors in the United States. These detectors are already among the most sensitive scientific instruments on the planet and in the next few years their sensitivity will achieve further significant improvement. Those developments promise to open an exciting new window on the Universe, heralding the arrival of gravitational-wave astronomy as a revolutionary, new observational field. In this paper we describe the extensive program of public outreach activities already undertaken by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and a number of special events which we are planning for IYA2009.
The Lecture-Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy have been designed to help introductory astronomy instructors actively engage their students in developing their conceptual understandings and reasoning abilities across a wide range of astrophysical topics. The development of the Lecture-Tutorials has been informed by nearly two-decades of research into common learning difficulties students experience when studying astronomy. The results from multiple studies provide evidence that Lecture-Tutorials can help students achieve learning gains well beyond what is typically achieved by lecture alone. Achieving such learning gains requires that an instructor understand how to effectively incorporate the Lecture-Tutorials into his or her course. This chapter provides details into the best practices for the effective integration and implementation of the Lecture-Tutorials - practices that we have developed through years of reflective practice from working with thousands of Astro 101 students and instructors. We also present a case study of how Lecture-Tutorials were used to promote the active engagement of learners in an Astro 101 mega-course enrolling over 700 students. This case study illustrates how the thoughtful implementation of Lecture-Tutorials can result in dramatic learning gains, even in the most daunting instructional environments.
In its most general form, a `secret objective is any inconsistency between the experimental reality and the information provided to students prior to starting work on an experiment. Students are challenged to identify the secret objectives and then given freedom to explore and understand the experiment, thus encouraging and facilitating genuine inquiry elements in introductory laboratory courses. Damping of a simple pendulum is used as a concrete example to demonstrate how secret objectives can be included. We also discuss the implications of the secret objectives method and how this can provide a link between the concepts of problem based learning and inquiry style labs.