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Register a new userA Symmetric Multi-rod Tunable Microwave Cavity for the HAYSTAC Dark Matter Axion Search
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The microwave cavity experiment is the most sensitive way of looking for axions in the 0.1-10 GHz range, corresponding to masses of 0.5 - 40 $mu$eV. The particular challenge for frequencies greater than 5 GHz is designing a cavity with a large volume that contains a resonant mode that has a high form factor, a high quality factor, a wide dynamic range, and is free from intruder modes. For HAYSTAC, we have designed and constructed an optimized high frequency cavity with a tuning mechanism that preserves a high degree of rotational symmetry, critical to maximizing its figure of merit. This cavity covers an important frequency range according to recent theoretical estimates for the axion mass, 5.5 - 7.4 GHz, and the design appears extendable to higher frequencies as well. This paper will discuss key design and construction details of the cavity, present a summary of the design evolution, and alert practitioners of potentially unfruitful avenues for future work.
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We report on the results from a search for dark matter axions with the HAYSTAC experiment using a microwave cavity detector at frequencies between 5.6-5.8$, rm Ghz$. We exclude axion models with two photon coupling $g_{agammagamma},gtrsim,2times10^{-14},rm GeV^{-1}$, a factor of 2.7 above the benchmark KSVZ model over the mass range 23.15$,<,$$m_a ,$<$,$24.0$,murm eV$. This doubles the range reported in our previous paper. We achieve a near-quantum-limited sensitivity by operating at a temperature $T<h u/2k_B$ and incorporating a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), with improvements in the cooling of the cavity further reducing the experiments system noise temperature to only twice the Standard Quantum Limit at its operational frequency, an order of magnitude better than any other dark matter microwave cavity experiment to date. This result concludes the first phase of the HAYSTAC program utilizing a conventional copper cavity and a single JPA.
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