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Register a new userSurface Defects from Fractional Branes -- I
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We show that the Gukov-Witten monodromy defects of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory can be realized in perturbative string theory by considering an orbifold background of the Kanno-Tachikawa type and placing stacks of fractional D3-branes whose world-volume partially extends along the orbifold directions. In particular, we show that turning on a constant background value for some scalar fields in the closed string twisted sectors induces a non-trivial profile for the gauge field and one of the complex scalars of the world-volume theory, and that this profile exactly matches the singular behavior that one expects for a Gukov-Witten surface defect in the $mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. To keep the presentation as simple as possible, in this work we restrict our analysis to surface defects corresponding to a $mathbb{Z}_2$ orbifold and defer the study of the most general case to a companion paper.
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A generic half-BPS surface defect of ${mathcal N}=4$ supersymmetric U$(N)$ Yang-Mills theory is described by a partition of $N = n_1 + ldots + n_M$ and a set of $4M$ continuous parameters. We show that such a defect can be realized by $n_I$ stacks of fractional D3-branes in Type II B string theory on a $mathbb{Z}_M$ orbifold background in which the brane world-volume is partially extended along the orbifold directions. In this set up we show that the $4M$ continuous parameters correspond to constant background values of certain twisted closed string scalars of the orbifold. These results extend and generalize what we have presented for the simple defects in a previous paper.
We derive the classical type IIB supergravity solution describing fractional D3-branes transverse to a C^2/Gamma orbifold singularity, for Gamma any Kleinian ADE subgroup. This solution fully describes the N=2 gauge theory with appropriate gauge groups and matter living on the branes, up to non-perturbative instanton contributions.
By looking at fractional Dp-branes of type IIA on T_4/Z_2 as wrapped branes and by using boundary state techniques we construct the effective low-energy action for the fields generated by fractional branes, build their world-volume action and find the corresponding classical geometry. The explicit form of the classical background is consistent only outside an enhancon sphere of radius r_e, which encloses a naked singularity of repulson-type. The perturbative running of the gauge coupling constant, dictated by the NS-NS twisted field that keeps its one-loop expression at any distance, also fails at r_e.
We discuss fractional D3-branes on the orbifold C^3/Z_2*Z_2. We study the open and the closed string spectrum on this orbifold. The corresponding N=1 theory on the brane has, generically, a U(N_1)*U(N_2)*U(N_3)*U(N_4) gauge group with matter in the bifundamental. In particular, when only one type of brane is present, one obtains pure N=1 Yang-Mills. We study the coupling of the branes to the bulk fields and present the corresponding supergravity solution, valid at large distances. By using a probe analysis, we are able to obtain the Wilsonian beta-function for those gauge theories that possess some chiral multiplet. Although, due to the lack of moduli, the probe technique is not directly applicable to the case of pure N=1 Yang-Mills, we point out that the same formula gives the correct result also for this case.
We find a one-dimensional protected subsector of $mathcal{N}=4$ matter theories on a general class of three-dimensional manifolds. By means of equivariant localization, we identify a dual quantum mechanics computing BPS correlators of the original model in three dimensions. Specifically, applying the Atiyah-Bott-Berline-Vergne formula to the original action demonstrates that this localizes on a one-dimensional action with support on the fixed-point submanifold of suitable isometries. We first show that our approach reproduces previous results obtained on $S^3$. Then, we apply it to the novel case of $S^2 times S^1$ and show that the theory localizes on two noninteracting quantum mechanics with disjoint support. We prove that the BPS operators of such models are naturally associated with a noncommutative star product, while their correlation functions are essentially topological. Finally, we couple the three-dimensional theory to general $mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ surface defects and extend the localization computation to capture the full partition function and BPS correlators of the mixed-dimensional system.
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