A topological group $X$ is called $duoseparable$ if there exists a countable set $Ssubseteq X$ such that $SUS=X$ for any neighborhood $Usubseteq X$ of the unit. We construct a functor $F$ assigning to each (abelian) topological group $X$ a duoseparable (abelain-by-cyclic) topological group $FX$, containing an isomorphic copy of $X$. In fact, the functor $F$ is defined on the category of unital topologized magmas. Also we prove that each $sigma$-compact locally compact abelian topological group embeds into a duoseparable locally compact abelian-by-countable topological group.
We study algebraic and topological properties of topological semigroups containing a copy of the bicyclic semigroup C(p,q). We prove that each topological semigroup S with pseudocompact square contains no dense copy of C(p,q). On the other hand, we construct a (consistent) example of a pseudocompact (countably compact) Tychonov semigroup containing a copy of C(p,q).
We introduce and study oscillator topologies on paratopological groups and define certain related number invariants. As an application we prove that a Hausdorff paratopological group $G$ admits a weaker Hausdorff group topology provided $G$ is 3-oscillating. A paratopological group $G$ is 3-oscillating (resp. 2-oscillating) provided for any neighborhood $U$ of the unity $e$ of $G$ there is a neighborhood $Vsubset G$ of $e$ such that $V^{-1}VV^{-1}subset UU^{-1}U$ (resp. $V^{-1}Vsubset UU^{-1}$). The class of 2-oscillating paratopological groups includes all collapsing, all nilpotent paratopological groups, all paratopological groups satisfying a positive law, all paratopological SIN-group and all saturated paratopological groups (the latter means that for any nonempty open set $Usubset G$ the set $U^{-1}$ has nonempty interior). We prove that each totally bounded paratopological group $G$ is countably cellular; moreover, every cardinal of uncountable cofinality is a precaliber of $G$. Also we give an example of a saturated paratopological group which is not isomorphic to its mirror paratopological group as well as an example of a 2-oscillating paratopological group whose mirror paratopological group is not 2-oscillating.
Topological gyrogroups, with a weaker algebraic structure without associative law, have been investigated recently. We prove that each $T_{0}$-strongly topological gyrogroup is completely regular. We also prove that every $T_{0}$-strongly topological gyrogroup with a countable pseudocharacter is submetrizable. Finally, we prove that the left coset space $G/H$ is submetrizable if $H$ is an admissible $L$-subgyrogroup of a $T_{0}$-strongly topological gyrogroup $G$.
A space $X$ is submaximal if any dense subset of $X$ is open. In this paper, we prove that every submaximal topological gyrogroup of non-measurable cardinality is strongly $sigma$-discrete. Moreover, we prove that every submaximal strongly topological gyrogroup of non-measurable cardinality is hereditarily paracompact.
The structure of topological spaces is analysed here through the lenses of fibrous preorders. Each topological space has an associated fibrous preorder and those fibrous preorders which return a topological space are called spacial. A special class of spacial fibrous preorders consisting of an interconnected family of preorders indexed by a unitary magma is called cartesian and studied here. Topological spaces that are obtained from those fibrous preorders, with a unitary magma emph{I}, are called emph{I}-cartesian and characterized. The characterization reveals a hidden structure of such spaces. Several other characterizations are obtained and special attention is drawn to the case of a monoid equipped with a topology. A wide range of examples is provided, as well as general procedures to obtain topologies from other data types such as groups and their actions. Metric spaces and normed spaces are considered as well.