No Arabic abstract
We study random walks on a $d$-dimensional torus by affine expanding maps whose linear parts commute. Assuming an irrationality condition on their translation parts, we prove that the Haar measure is the unique stationary measure. We deduce that if $K subset mathbb{R}^d$ is an attractor of a finite iterated function system of $ngeq 2$ maps of the form $x mapsto D^{-r_i} x + t_i (i=1, ldots, n)$, where $D$ is an expanding $dtimes d$ integer matrix, and is the same for all the maps, and $r_{i} inmathbb{N}$, under an irrationality condition on the translation parts $t_i$, almost every point in $K$ (w.r.t. any Bernoulli measure) has an equidistributed orbit under the map $xmapsto Dx$ (multiplication mod $mathbb{Z}^{d}$). In the one-dimensional case, this conclusion amounts to normality to base $D$. Thus for example, almost every point in an irrational dilation of the middle-thirds Cantor set is normal to base 3.
In this paper we prove that if ${varphi_i(x)=lambda x+t_i}$ is an equicontractive iterated function system and $b$ is a positive integer satisfying $frac{log b}{log |lambda|} otinmathbb{Q},$ then almost every $x$ is normal in base $b$ for any non-atomic self-similar measure of ${varphi_i}$.
S. Baker (2019), B. Barany and A. K{a}enm{a}ki (2019) independently showed that there exist iterated function systems without exact overlaps and there are super-exponentially close cylinders at all small levels. We adapt the method of S. Baker and obtain further examples of this type. We prove that for any algebraic number $betage 2$ there exist real numbers $s, t$ such that the iterated function system $$ left {frac{x}{beta}, frac{x+1}{beta}, frac{x+s}{beta}, frac{x+t}{beta}right } $$ satisfies the above property.
For self-similar sets on $mathbb{R}$ satisfying the exponential separation condition we show that the natural projections of shift invariant ergodic measures is equal to $min{1,frac{h}{-chi}}$, where $h$ and $chi$ are the entropy and Lyapunov exponent respectively. The proof relies on Shmerkins recent result on the $L^{q}$ dimension of self-similar measures. We also use the same method to give results on convolutions and orthogonal projections of ergodic measures projected onto self-similar sets.
Random geometric graphs consist of randomly distributed nodes (points), with pairs of nodes within a given mutual distance linked. In the usual model the distribution of nodes is uniform on a square, and in the limit of infinitely many nodes and shrinking linking range, the number of isolated nodes is Poisson distributed, and the probability of no isolated nodes is equal to the probability the whole graph is connected. Here we examine these properties for several self-similar node distributions, including smooth and fractal, uniform and nonuniform, and finitely ramified or otherwise. We show that nonuniformity can break the Poisson distribution property, but it strengthens the link between isolation and connectivity. It also stretches out the connectivity transition. Finite ramification is another mechanism for lack of connectivity. The same considerations apply to fractal distributions as smooth, with some technical differences in evaluation of the integrals and analytical arguments.
We consider the proportion of generalized visible lattice points in the plane visited by random walkers. Our work concerns the visible lattice points in random walks in three aspects: (1) generalized visibility along curves; (2) one random walker visible from multiple watchpoints; (3) simultaneous visibility of multiple random walkers. Moreover, we found new phenomenon in the case of multiple random walkers: for visibility along a large class of curves and for any number of random walkers, the proportion of steps at which all random walkers are visible simultaneously is almost surely larger than a positive constant.