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Register a new userSecond Harmonic Generation Enabled by Longitudinal Electric Field Components in Photonic Wire Waveguides
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We investigate type I second harmonic generation in III-V semiconductor wire waveguides aligned with a crystallographic axis. In this direction, because of the single nonzero tensor element of III-V semiconductors, only frequency conversion by mixing with the longitudinal components of the optical fields is allowed. We experimentally study the impact of the propagation direction on the conversion efficiency and confirm the role played by the longitudinal components through the excitation of an antisymmetric second harmonic higher order mode.
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We demonstrate enhanced second harmonic generation in a gallium phosphide photonic crystal waveguide with a measured external conversion efficiency of 5$times10^{-7}$/W. Our results are promising for frequency conversion of on-chip integrated emitters having broad spectra or large inhomogeneous broadening, as well as for frequency conversion of ultrashort pulses.
We theoretically investigate second harmonic generation in extremely narrow, sub-wavelength semiconductor and dielectric waveguides. We discuss a novel guiding mechanism characterized by the inhibition of diffraction and the suppression of cut-off limits in the context of a light trapping phenomenon that sets in under conditions of general phase and group velocity mismatch between the fundamental and the generated harmonic.
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Prospective integrated quantum optical technologies will combine nonlinear optics and components requiring cryogenic operating temperatures. Despite the prevalence of integrated platforms exploiting $chi^{(2)}$-nonlinearities for quantum optics, for example used for quantum state generation and frequency conversion, their material properties at low temperatures are largely unstudied. Here, we demonstrate the first second harmonic generation in a fiber-coupled lithium niobate waveguide at temperatures down to 4.4K. We observe a reproducible shift in the phase-matched pump wavelength within the telecom band, in addition to transient discontinuities while temperature cycling. Our results establish lithium niobate as a versatile nonlinear photonic integration platform compatible with cryogenic quantum technologies.
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