No Arabic abstract
Approximately 2,500 weights and corresponding images of harvested Lates calcarifer (Asian seabass or barramundi) were collected at three different locations in Queensland, Australia. Two instances of the LinkNet-34 segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were trained. The first one was trained on 200 manually segmented fish masks with excluded fins and tails. The second was trained on 100 whole-fish masks. The two CNNs were applied to the rest of the images and yielded automatically segmented masks. The one-factor and two-factor simple mathematical weight-from-area models were fitted on 1072 area-weight pairs from the first two locations, where area values were extracted from the automatically segmented masks. When applied to 1,400 test images (from the third location), the one-factor whole-fish mask model achieved the best mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), MAPE=4.36%. Direct weight-from-image regression CNNs were also trained, where the no-fins based CNN performed best on the test images with MAPE=4.28%.
The ability to capture good quality images in the dark and near-zero lux conditions has been a long-standing pursuit of the computer vision community. The seminal work by Chen et al. [5] has especially caused renewed interest in this area, resulting in methods that build on top of their work in a bid to improve the reconstruction. However, for practical utility and deployment of low-light enhancement algorithms on edge devices such as embedded systems, surveillance cameras, autonomous robots and smartphones, the solution must respect additional constraints such as limited GPU memory and processing power. With this in mind, we propose a deep neural network architecture that aims to strike a balance between the network latency, memory utilization, model parameters, and reconstruction quality. The key idea is to forbid computations in the High-Resolution (HR) space and limit them to a Low-Resolution (LR) space. However, doing the bulk of computations in the LR space causes artifacts in the restored image. We thus propose Pack and UnPack operations, which allow us to effectively transit between the HR and LR spaces without incurring much artifacts in the restored image. We show that we can enhance a full resolution, 2848 x 4256, extremely dark single-image in the ballpark of 3 seconds even on a CPU. We achieve this with 2 - 7x fewer model parameters, 2 - 3x lower memory utilization, 5 - 20x speed up and yet maintain a competitive image reconstruction quality compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Mapping road networks is currently both expensive and labor-intensive. High-resolution aerial imagery provides a promising avenue to automatically infer a road network. Prior work uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect which pixels belong to a road (segmentation), and then uses complex post-processing heuristics to infer graph connectivity. We show that these segmentation methods have high error rates because noisy CNN outputs are difficult to correct. We propose RoadTracer, a new method to automatically construct accurate road network maps from aerial images. RoadTracer uses an iterative search process guided by a CNN-based decision function to derive the road network graph directly from the output of the CNN. We compare our approach with a segmentation method on fifteen cities, and find that at a 5% error rate, RoadTracer correctly captures 45% more junctions across these cities.
Accurate and consistent mental interpretation of fluoroscopy to determine the position and orientation of acetabular bone fragments in 3D space is difficult. We propose a computer assisted approach that uses a single fluoroscopic view and quickly reports the pose of an acetabular fragment without any user input or initialization. Intraoperatively, but prior to any osteotomies, two constellations of metallic ball-bearings (BBs) are injected into the wing of a patients ilium and lateral superior pubic ramus. One constellation is located on the expected acetabular fragment, and the other is located on the remaining, larger, pelvis fragment. The 3D locations of each BB are reconstructed using three fluoroscopic views and 2D/3D registrations to a preoperative CT scan of the pelvis. The relative pose of the fragment is established by estimating the movement of the two BB constellations using a single fluoroscopic view taken after osteotomy and fragment relocation. BB detection and inter-view correspondences are automatically computed throughout the processing pipeline. The proposed method was evaluated on a multitude of fluoroscopic images collected from six cadaveric surgeries performed bilaterally on three specimens. Mean fragment rotation error was 2.4 +/- 1.0 degrees, mean translation error was 2.1 +/- 0.6 mm, and mean 3D lateral center edge angle error was 1.0 +/- 0.5 degrees. The average runtime of the single-view pose estimation was 0.7 +/- 0.2 seconds. The proposed method demonstrates accuracy similar to other state of the art systems which require optical tracking systems or multiple-view 2D/3D registrations with manual input. The errors reported on fragment poses and lateral center edge angles are within the margins required for accurate intraoperative evaluation of femoral head coverage.
Ground-penetrating radar on planes and satellites now makes it practical to collect 3D observations of the subsurface structure of the polar ice sheets, providing crucial data for understanding and tracking global climate change. But converting these noisy readings into useful observations is generally done by hand, which is impractical at a continental scale. In this paper, we propose a computer vision-based technique for extracting 3D ice-bottom surfaces by viewing the task as an inference problem on a probabilistic graphical model. We first generate a seed surface subject to a set of constraints, and then incorporate additional sources of evidence to refine it via discrete energy minimization. We evaluate the performance of the tracking algorithm on 7 topographic sequences (each with over 3000 radar images) collected from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago with respect to human-labeled ground truth.
This work describes a novel methodology for automatic contour extraction from 2D images of 3D neurons (e.g. camera lucida images and other types of 2D microscopy). Most contour-based shape analysis methods can not be used to characterize such cells because of overlaps between neuronal processes. The proposed framework is specifically aimed at the problem of contour following even in presence of multiple overlaps. First, the input image is preprocessed in order to obtain an 8-connected skeleton with one-pixel-wide branches, as well as a set of critical regions (i.e., bifurcations and crossings). Next, for each subtree, the tracking stage iteratively labels all valid pixel of branches, up to a critical region, where it determines the suitable direction to proceed. Finally, the labeled skeleton segments are followed in order to yield the parametric contour of the neuronal shape under analysis. The reported system was successfully tested with respect to several images and the results from a set of three neuron images are presented here, each pertaining to a different class, i.e. alpha, delta and epsilon ganglion cells, containing a total of 34 crossings. The algorithms successfully got across all these overlaps. The method has also been found to exhibit robustness even for images with close parallel segments. The proposed method is robust and may be implemented in an efficient manner. The introduction of this approach should pave the way for more systematic application of contour-based shape analysis methods in neuronal morphology.