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Register a new userConversational Product Search Based on Negative Feedback
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Added by
Keping Bi
Publication date
2019
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Intelligent assistants change the way people interact with computers and make it possible for people to search for products through conversations when they have purchase needs. During the interactions, the system could ask questions on certain aspects of the ideal products to clarify the users needs. For example, previous work proposed to ask users the exact characteristics of their ideal items before showing results. However, users may not have clear ideas about what an ideal item looks like, especially when they have not seen any item. So it is more feasible to facilitate the conversational search by showing example items and asking for feedback instead. In addition, when the users provide negative feedback for the presented items, it is easier to collect their detailed feedback on certain properties (aspect-value pairs) of the non-relevant items. By breaking down the item-level negative feedback to fine-grained feedback on aspect-value pairs, more information is available to help clarify users intents. So in this paper, we propose a conversational paradigm for product search driven by non-relevant items, based on which fine-grained feedback is collected and utilized to show better results in the next iteration. We then propose an aspect-value likelihood model to incorporate both positive and negative feedback on fine-grained aspect-value pairs of the non-relevant items. Experimental results show that our model is significantly better than state-of-the-art product search baselines without using feedback and those baselines using item-level negative feedback.
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Users often need to look through multiple search result pages or reformulate queries when they have complex information-seeking needs. Conversational search systems make it possible to improve user satisfaction by asking questions to clarify users search intents. This, however, can take significant effort to answer a series of questions starting with what/why/how. To quickly identify user intent and reduce effort during interactions, we propose an intent clarification task based on yes/no questions where the system needs to ask the correct question about intents within the fewest conversation turns. In this task, it is essential to use negative feedback about the previous questions in the conversation history. To this end, we propose a Maximum-Marginal-Relevance (MMR) based BERT model (MMR-BERT) to leverage negative feedback based on the MMR principle for the next clarifying question selection. Experiments on the Qulac dataset show that MMR-BERT outperforms state-of-the-art baselines significantly on the intent identification task and the selected questions also achieve significantly better performance in the associated document retrieval tasks.
Product search serves as an important entry point for online shopping. In contrast to web search, the retrieved results in product search not only need to be relevant but also should satisfy customers preferences in order to elicit purchases. Previous work has shown the efficacy of purchase history in personalized product search. However, customers with little or no purchase history do not benefit from personalized product search. Furthermore, preferences extracted from a customers purchase history are usually long-term and may not always align with her short-term interests. Hence, in this paper, we leverage clicks within a query session, as implicit feedback, to represent users hidden intents, which further act as the basis for re-ranking subsequent result pages for the query. It has been studied extensively to model user preference with implicit feedback in recommendation tasks. However, there has been little research on modeling users short-term interest in product search. We study whether short-term context could help promote users ideal item in the following result pages for a query. Furthermore, we propose an end-to-end context-aware embedding model which can capture long-term and short-term context dependencies. Our experimental results on the datasets collected from the search log of a commercial product search engine show that short-term context leads to much better performance compared with long-term and no context. Our results also show that our proposed model is more effective than word-based context-aware models.
In this paper, we address the problem of answering complex information needs by conversing conversations with search engines, in the sense that users can express their queries in natural language, and directly receivethe information they need from a short system response in a conversational manner. Recently, there have been some attempts towards a similar goal, e.g., studies on Conversational Agents (CAs) and Conversational Search (CS). However, they either do not address complex information needs, or they are limited to the development of conceptual frameworks and/or laboratory-based user studies. We pursue two goals in this paper: (1) the creation of a suitable dataset, the Search as a Conversation (SaaC) dataset, for the development of pipelines for conversations with search engines, and (2) the development of astate-of-the-art pipeline for conversations with search engines, the Conversations with Search Engines (CaSE), using this dataset. SaaC is built based on a multi-turn conversational search dataset, where we further employ workers from a crowdsourcing platform to summarize each relevant passage into a short, conversational response. CaSE enhances the state-of-the-art by introducing a supporting token identification module and aprior-aware pointer generator, which enables us to generate more accurate responses. We carry out experiments to show that CaSE is able to outperform strong baselines. We also conduct extensive analyses on the SaaC dataset to show where there is room for further improvement beyond CaSE. Finally, we release the SaaC dataset and the code for CaSE and all models used for comparison to facilitate future research on this topic.
Nowadays, the product search service of e-commerce platforms has become a vital shopping channel in peoples life. The retrieval phase of products determines the search systems quality and gradually attracts researchers attention. Retrieving the most relevant products from a large-scale corpus while preserving personalized user characteristics remains an open question. Recent approaches in this domain have mainly focused on embedding-based retrieval (EBR) systems. However, after a long period of practice on Taobao, we find that the performance of the EBR system is dramatically degraded due to its: (1) low relevance with a given query and (2) discrepancy between the training and inference phases. Therefore, we propose a novel and practical embedding-based product retrieval model, named Multi-Grained Deep Semantic Product Retrieval (MGDSPR). Specifically, we first identify the inconsistency between the training and inference stages, and then use the softmax cross-entropy loss as the training objective, which achieves better performance and faster convergence. Two efficient methods are further proposed to improve retrieval relevance, including smoothing noisy training data and generating relevance-improving hard negative samples without requiring extra knowledge and training procedures. We evaluate MGDSPR on Taobao Product Search with significant metrics gains observed in offline experiments and online A/B tests. MGDSPR has been successfully deployed to the existing multi-channel retrieval system in Taobao Search. We also introduce the online deployment scheme and share practical lessons of our retrieval system to contribute to the community.
Product search is an important way for people to browse and purchase items on E-commerce platforms. While customers tend to make choices based on their personal tastes and preferences, analysis of commercial product search logs has shown that personalization does not always improve product search quality. Most existing product search techniques, however, conduct undifferentiated personalization across search sessions. They either use a fixed coefficient to control the influence of personalization or let personalization take effect all the time with an attention mechanism. The only notable exception is the recently proposed zero-attention model (ZAM) that can adaptively adjust the effect of personalization by allowing the query to attend to a zero vector. Nonetheless, in ZAM, personalization can act at most as equally important as the query and the representations of items are static across the collection regardless of the items co-occurring in the users historical purchases. Aware of these limitations, we propose a transformer-based embedding model (TEM) for personalized product search, which could dynamically control the influence of personalization by encoding the sequence of query and users purchase history with a transformer architecture. Personalization could have a dominant impact when necessary and interactions between items can be taken into consideration when computing attention weights. Experimental results show that TEM outperforms state-of-the-art personalization product retrieval models significantly.
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