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Register a new userAn Associated Particle Imaging System for Soil-Carbon Measurements
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We present first results from experimental data showing the capabilities of an Associated Particle Imaging system to measure carbon in soil and other elements. Specifically, we present results from a pre-mixed soil sample containing pure sand (SiO$_2$) and 4% carbon by weight. Because the main isotopes of all those three elements emit characteristic high-energy gamma rays following inelastic neutron scattering, it is possible to measure their distribution with our instrument. A 3D resolution of several centimeters in all dimensions has been demonstrated.
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Associated Particle Imaging (API) is a nuclear technique that allows for the nondestructive determination of 3D isotopic distributions. The technique is based on the detection of the alpha particles associated with the neutron emitted in the deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion reaction, which provides information regarding the direction and time of the emitted 14 MeV neutron. Inelastic neutron scattering leads to characteristic gamma-ray emission from certain isotopes, for example C-12, that can be correlated with the neutron interaction location. An API system consisting of a sealed-type neutron generator, gamma detectors, and a position-sensitive alpha detector is under development for the nondestructive quantification of carbon distribution in soils. This paper describes the design of the alpha detector, detector response simulations, and first experimental results. The alpha detector consists of a Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP) scintillator mounted on the inside of a neutron generator tube. The scintillation light propagates through a sapphire window to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube mounted on the outside. The 16x16 output signals are connected through a resistive network for a 4-corner readout. The four readout channels are amplified, filtered, and then digitized for the calculation of the alpha position. First test results demonstrate that an excellent alpha position resolution, better than the 1 mm FWHM required by the application, can be achieved with this detector design.
Measurements with low Z targets at internal experiments typically imply a gas load which deteriorates the ring vacuum. Future experiments need reliable estimates for the expected vacuum conditions in order to design 4-pi detectors closely surrounding the interaction area. We present a method for the calculation of the resulting vacuum of such a complex system using a Pellet Target. In order to test the method, a vacuum system with diagnostic tools has been set up and a Pellet Target was operated under realistic conditions. The results for the absolute vacuum agree within factors of two with the expected pressures.
A common approach to studying $beta$-delayed proton emission is to measure the energy of the emitted proton and corresponding nuclear recoil in a double-sided silicon-strip detector (DSSD) after implanting the $beta$-delayed proton emitting ($beta$p) nucleus. However, in order to extract the proton-decay energy, the measured energy must be corrected for the additional energy implanted in the DSSD by the $beta$-particle emitted from the $beta$p nucleus, an effect referred to here as $beta$-summing. We present an approach to determine an accurate correction for $beta$-summing. Our method relies on the determination of the mean implantation depth of the $beta$p nucleus within the DSSD by analyzing the shape of the total (proton + recoil + $beta$) decay energy distribution shape. We validate this approach with other mean implantation depth measurement techniques that take advantage of energy deposition within DSSDs upstream and downstream of the implantation DSSD.
GRETA, the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array, is an array of highly-segmented HPGe detectors designed to track gamma-rays emitted in beam-physics experiments. Its high detection efficiency and state-of-the-art position resolution make it well-suited for imaging applications. In this paper, we use simulated imaging data to illustrate how imaging can be applied to nuclear lifetime measurments. This approach can offer multiple benefits over traditional lifetime techniques such as RDM.
We have developed a storage bottle for ultracold neutrons (UCN) in order to measure the UCN density at the beamports of the Paul Scherrer Institutes (PSI) UCN source. This paper describes the design, construction and commissioning of the robust and mobile storage bottle with a volume comparable to typical storage experiments 32 liter e.g. searching for an electric dipole moment of the neutron.
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