No Arabic abstract
We study the shadow of a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein (KK) black hole and the shadow is found to possess distinct properties from those of usual rotating black holes. It is shown that the shadow for a rotating squashed KK black hole is heavily influenced by the specific angular momentum of photon from the fifth dimension. Especially, as the parameters lie in a certain special range, there is no any shadow for a black hole, which does not emerge for the usual black holes. In the case where the black hole shadow exists, the shadow shape is a perfect black disk and its radius decreases with the rotation parameter of the black hole. Moreover, the change of the shadow radius with extra dimension parameter also depends on the rotation parameter of black hole. Finally, with the latest observation data, we estimate the angular radius of the shadow for the supermassive black hole Sgr $A^{*}$ at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy and the supermassive black hole in $M87$.
We investigate the strong gravitational lensing in a Kaluza-Klein black hole with squashed horizons. We find the size of the extra dimension imprints in the radius of the photon sphere, the deflection angle, the angular position and magnification of the relativistic images. Supposing that the gravitational field of the supermassive central object of the Galaxy can be described by this metric, we estimated the numerical values of the coefficients and observables for gravitational lensing in the strong field limit.
We explore the signature of the extra dimension in the Hawking radiation in a rotating Kaluza-Klein black hole with squashed horizons. Comparing with the spherical case, we find that the rotating parameter brings richer physics. We obtain the appropriate size of the extra dimension which can enhance the Hawking radiation and may open a window to detect the extra dimensions.
We study motions of photons in an unmagnetized cold homogeneous plasma medium in the five-dimensional charged static squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole spacetime. In this case, a photon behaves as a massive particle in a four-dimensional spherically symmetric spacetime. We consider the light deflection by the squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole surrounded by the plasma in a weak-field limit. We derive corrections of the deflection angle to general relativity, which are related to the size of the extra dimension, the charge of the black hole and the ratio between the plasma and the photon frequencies.
We investigate the geodetic precession effect of a parallely transported spin-vector along a circular geodesic in the five-dimensional squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole spacetime. Then we derive the higher-dimensional correction of the precession angle to the general relativity. We find that the correction is proportional to the square of (size of extra dimension)/(gravitational radius of central object).
The stability of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes is studied. The squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole looks like five dimensional black hole in the vicinity of horizon and four dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a circle at infinity. In this sense, squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes can be regarded as black holes in the Kaluza-Klein spacetimes. Using the symmetry of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes, $SU(2)times U(1)simeq U(2)$, we obtain master equations for a part of the metric perturbations relevant to the stability. The analysis based on the master equations gives a strong evidence for the stability of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes. Hence, the squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes deserve to be taken seriously as realistic black holes in the Kaluza-Klein spacetime.