No Arabic abstract
The stability of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes is studied. The squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole looks like five dimensional black hole in the vicinity of horizon and four dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a circle at infinity. In this sense, squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes can be regarded as black holes in the Kaluza-Klein spacetimes. Using the symmetry of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes, $SU(2)times U(1)simeq U(2)$, we obtain master equations for a part of the metric perturbations relevant to the stability. The analysis based on the master equations gives a strong evidence for the stability of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes. Hence, the squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes deserve to be taken seriously as realistic black holes in the Kaluza-Klein spacetime.
We study gravitational and electromagnetic perturbation around the squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes with charge. Since the black hole spacetime focused on this paper have $SU(2) times U(1) simeq U(2)$ symmetry, we can separate the variables of the equations for perturbations by using Wigner function $D^{J}_{KM}$ which is the irreducible representation of the symmetry. In this paper, we mainly treat $J=0$ modes which preserve $SU(2)$ symmetry. We derive the master equations for the $J=0$ modes and discuss the stability of these modes. We show that the modes of $J = 0$ and $ K=0,pm 2$ and the modes of $K = pm (J + 2)$ are stable against small perturbations from the positivity of the effective potential. As for $J = 0, K=pm 1$ modes, since there are domains where the effective potential is negative except for maximally charged case, it is hard to show the stability of these modes in general. To show stability for $J = 0, K=pm 1$ modes in general is open issue. However, we can show the stability for $J = 0, K=pm 1$ modes in maximally charged case where the effective potential are positive out side of the horizon.
We investigate the geodetic precession effect of a parallely transported spin-vector along a circular geodesic in the five-dimensional squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole spacetime. Then we derive the higher-dimensional correction of the precession angle to the general relativity. We find that the correction is proportional to the square of (size of extra dimension)/(gravitational radius of central object).
We consider the Hawking radiation by the tunneling of charged fermions and charged scalar particles from the five-dimensional charged static squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole based on the generalized uncertainty principle. We derive corrections of the Hawking temperature to general relativity, which are related to the energy of the emitted particle, the size of the extra dimension, the charge of the black hole and the quantum effect predicted by the generalized uncertainty principle. It is shown that the quantum correction may slow down the increase of the Hawking temperature, which may lead to the thermodynamic stable remnant after the evaporation of the squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole.
The newly proposed island formula for entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation is applied to spherically symmetric 4-dimensional eternal Kaluza-Klein (KK) black holes (BHs). The charge $Q$ of a KK BH quantifies its deviation from a Schwarzschild BH. The impact of $Q$ on the island is studied at both early and late times. The early size of the island, emph{if exists}, is of order Planck length $ell_{mathrm{P}}$, and will be shortened by $Q$ by a factor $1/sqrt2$ at most. The late-time island, whose boundary is on the outside but within a Planckian distance of the horizon, is slightly extended. While the no-island entropy grows linearly, the late-time entanglement entropy is given by island configuration with twice the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Thus we reproduce the Page curve for the eternal KK BHs. Compared with Schwarzschild results, the Page time and the scrambling time are marginally delayed. Moreover, the higher-dimensional generalization is presented. Skeptically, in both early and late times, there are Planck length scales involved, in which a semi-classical description of quantum fields breaks down.
We discuss Hawking radiation from a five-dimensional squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole on the basis of the tunneling mechanism. A simple manner, which was recently suggested by Umetsu, is possible to extend the original derivation by Parikh and Wilczek to various black holes. That is, we use the two-dimensional effective metric, which is obtained by the dimensional reduction near the horizon, as the background metric. By using same manner, we derive both the desired result of the Hawking temperature and the effect of the back reaction associated with the radiation in the squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole background.