No Arabic abstract
We prove that every usco multimap $Phi:Xto Y$ from a metrizable separable space $X$ to a GO-space $Y$ has an $F_sigma$-measurable selection. On the other hand, for the split interval $ddot{mathbb I}$ and the projection $P:ddot{mathbb I}^2to{mathbb I}^2$ of its square onto the unit square ${mathbb I}^2$, the usco multimap $P^{-1}:{mathbb I}^2multimapddot{mathbb I}^2$ has a Borel ($F_sigma$-measurable) selection if and only if the Continuum Hypothesis holds. This CH-example shows that know results on Borel selections of usco maps into fragmentable compact spaces cannot be extended to a wider class of compact spaces.
A function $f:Xto Y$ between topological spaces is called $sigma$-$continuous$ (resp. $barsigma$-$continuous$) if there exists a (closed) cover ${X_n}_{ninomega}$ of $X$ such that for every $ninomega$ the restriction $f{restriction}X_n$ is continuous. By $mathfrak c_sigma$ (resp. $mathfrak c_{barsigma}$) we denote the largest cardinal $kappalemathfrak c$ such that every function $f:Xtomathbb R$ defined on a subset $Xsubsetmathbb R$ of cardinality $|X|<kappa$ is $sigma$-continuous (resp. $barsigma$-continuous). It is clear that $omega_1lemathfrak c_{barsigma}lemathfrak c_sigmalemathfrak c$. We prove that $mathfrak plemathfrak q_0=mathfrak c_{barsigma}=min{mathfrak c_sigma,mathfrak b,mathfrak q}lemathfrak c_sigmalemin{mathrm{non}(mathcal M),mathrm{non}(mathcal N)}$. The equality $mathfrak c_{barsigma}=mathfrak q_0$ resolves a problem from the initial version of the paper.
Which Isbell--Mrowka spaces ($Psi$-spaces) satisfy the star version of Mengers and Hurewiczs covering properties? Following Bonanzinga and Matveev, this question is considered here from a combinatorial point of view. An example of a $Psi$-space that is (strongly) star-Menger but not star-Hurewicz is obtained. The PCF-theory function $kappamapstocof([kappa]^alephes)$ is a key tool. Using the method of forcing, a complete answer to a question of Bonanzinga and Matveev is provided. The results also apply to the mentioned covering properties in the realm of Pixley--Roy spaces, to the extent of spaces with these properties, and to the character of free abelian topological groups over hemicompact $k$ spaces.
We provide conceptual proofs of the two most fundamental theorems concerning topological games and open covers: Hurewiczs Theorem concerning the Menger game, and Pawlikowskis Theorem concerning the Rothberger game.
Menger conjectured that subsets of R with the Menger property must be ${sigma}$-compact. While this is false when there is no restriction on the subsets of R, for projective subsets it is known to follow from the Axiom of Projective Determinacy, which has considerable large cardinal consistency strength. We note that in fact, Mengers conjecture for projective sets has consistency strength of only an inaccessible cardinal.
We establish that if it is consistent that there is a supercompact cardinal, then it is consistent that every locally compact, hereditarily normal space which does not include a perfect pre-image of omega_1 is hereditarily paracompact.