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Register a new userBasis set convergence of Wilson basis functions for electronic structure
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There are many ways to numerically represent of chemical systems in order to compute their electronic structure. Basis functions may be localized in real-space (atomic orbitals), in momentum-space (plane waves), or in both components of phase-space. Such phase-space localized basis functions in the form of wavelets, have been used for many years in electronic structure. In this paper, we turn to a phase-space localized basis set first introduced by K. G. Wilson. We provide the first full study of this basis and its numerical implementation. To calculate electronic energies of a variety of small molecules and states, we utilize the sum-of-products form, Gaussian quadratures, and introduce methods for selecting sample points from a grid of phase-space localized Wilson basis. Both full configuration interaction and Hartree-Fock implementations are discussed and implemented numerically. As with many grid based methods, describing both tightly bound and diffuse orbitals is challenging so we have considered augmenting the Wilson basis set as projected Slater-type orbitals. We have also compared the Wilson basis set against the recently introduced wavelet transformed Gaussians (gausslets). Throughout, we give comments on the implementation and use small atoms and molecules to illustrate convergence properties of the Wilson basis.
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We describe a method for computing near-exact energies for correlated systems with large Hilbert spaces. The method efficiently identifies the most important basis states (Slater determinants) and performs a variational calculation in the subspace spanned by these determinants. A semistochastic approach is then used to add a perturbative correction to the variational energy to compute the total energy. The size of the variational space is progressively increased until the total energy converges to within the desired tolerance. We demonstrate the power of the method by computing a near-exact potential energy curve (PEC) for a very challenging molecule -- the chromium dimer.
The present work proposes to use density-functional theory (DFT) to correct for the basis-set error of wave-function theory (WFT). One of the key ideas developed here is to define a range-separation parameter which automatically adapts to a given basis set. The derivation of the exact equations are based on the Levy-Lieb formulation of DFT, which helps us to define a complementary functional which corrects uniquely for the basis-set error of WFT. The coupling of DFT and WFT is done through the definition of a real-space representation of the electron-electron Coulomb operator projected in a one-particle basis set. Such an effective interaction has the particularity to coincide with the exact electron-electron interaction in the limit of a complete basis set, and to be finite at the electron-electron coalescence point when the basis set is incomplete. The non-diverging character of the effective interaction allows one to define a mapping with the long-range interaction used in the context of range-separated DFT and to design practical approximations for the unknown complementary functional. Here, a local-density approximation is proposed for both full-configuration-interaction (FCI) and selected configuration-interaction approaches. Our theory is numerically tested to compute total energies and ionization potentials for a series of atomic systems. The results clearly show that the DFT correction drastically improves the basis-set convergence of both the total energies and the energy differences. For instance, a sub kcal/mol accuracy is obtained from the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set with the method proposed here when an aug-cc-pV5Z basis set barely reaches such a level of accuracy at the near FCI level.
We extend to strongly correlated molecular systems the recently introduced basis-set incompleteness correction based on density-functional theory (DFT) [E. Giner et al., J. Chem. Phys. 149, 194301 (2018)]. This basis-set correction relies on a mapping between wave-function calculations in a finite basis set and range-separated DFT (RSDFT) through the definition of an effective non-divergent interaction corresponding to the electron-electron Coulomb interaction projected in the finite basis set. This enables the use of RSDFT-type complementary density functionals to recover the dominant part of the short-range correlation effects missing in this finite basis set. To study both weak and strong correlation regimes we consider the potential energy curves of the H10, N2, O2, and F2 molecules up to the dissociation limit, and we explore various approximations of complementary functionals fulfilling two key properties: spin-multiplet degeneracy (i.e., independence of the energy with respect to the spin projection Sz) and size consistency. Specifically, we investigate the dependence of the functional on different types of on-top pair densities and spin polarizations. The key result of this study is that the explicit dependence on the on-top pair density allows one to completely remove the dependence on any form of spin polarization without any significant loss of accuracy. Quantitatively, we show that the basis-set correction reaches chemical accuracy on atomization energies with triple-zeta quality basis sets for most of the systems studied here. Also, the present basis-set incompleteness correction provides smooth potential energy curves along the whole range of internuclear distances.
Full configuration interaction (FCI) solvers are limited to small basis sets due to their expensive computational costs. An optimal orbital selection for FCI (OptOrbFCI) is proposed to boost the power of existing FCI solvers to pursue the basis set limit under a computational budget. The optimization problem coincides with that of the complete active space SCF method (CASSCF), while OptOrbFCI is algorithmically quite different. OptOrbFCI effectively finds an optimal rotation matrix via solving a constrained optimization problem directly to compress the orbitals of large basis sets to one with a manageable size, conducts FCI calculations only on rotated orbital sets, and produces a variational ground-state energy and its wave function. Coupled with coordinate descent full configuration interaction (CDFCI), we demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method on the carbon dimer and nitrogen dimer under basis sets up to cc-pV5Z. We also benchmark the binding curve of the nitrogen dimer under the cc-pVQZ basis set with 28 selected orbitals, which provide consistently lower ground-state energies than the FCI results under the cc-pVDZ basis set. The dissociation energy in this case is found to be of higher accuracy.
Vibrational spectra can be computed without storing full-dimensional vectors by using low-rank sum-of-products (SOP) basis functions. We introduce symmetry constraints in the SOP basis functions to make it possible to separately calculate states in different symmetry subgroups. This is done using a power method to compute eigenvalues and an alternating least squares method to optimize basis functions. Owing to the fact that the power method favours the convergence of the lowest states, one must be careful not to exclude basis functions of some symmetries. Exploiting symmetry facilitates making assignments and improves the accuracy. The method is applied to the acetonitrile molecule.
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