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Register a new userGravitational collapse in SYK models and Choptuik-like phenomenon
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SYK model is a quantum mechanical model of fermions which is solvable at strong coupling and plays an important role as perhaps the simplest holographic model of quantum gravity and black holes. The present work considers a deformed SYK model and a sudden quantum quench in the deformation parameter. The system, as in the undeformed case, permits a low energy description in terms of pseudo Nambu Goldstone modes. The bulk dual of such a system represents a gravitational collapse, which is characterized by a bulk matter stress tensor whose value near the boundary shows a sudden jump at the time of the quench. The resulting gravitational collapse forms a black hole only if the deformation parameter $Deltaepsilon$ exceeds a certain critical value $Deltaepsilon_c$ and forms a horizonless geometry otherwise. In case a black hole does form, the resulting Hawking temperature is given by a fractional power $T_{bh} propto (Deltaepsilon - Deltaepsilon_c)^{1/2}$, which is reminiscent of the `Choptuik phenomenon of critical gravitational collapse.
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In url{arXiv:1704.07208} it was shown that the spectrum and bilocal propagator of SYK model with four fermion interactions can be realized as a three dimensional model in $AdS_2 times S^1/Z_2$ with nontrivial boundary conditions in the additional dimension. In this paper we show that a similar picture holds for generalizations of the SYK model with $q$-fermion interactions. The 3D realization is now given on a space whose metric is conformal to $AdS_2 times S^1/Z_2$ and is subject to a non-trivial potential in addition to a delta function at the center of the interval. It is shown that a Horava-Witten compactification reproduces the exact SYK spectrum and a non-standard propagator between points which lie at the center of the interval exactly agrees with the bilocal propagator. As $q rightarrow infty$, the wave function of one of the modes at the center of the interval vanish as $1/q$, while the others vanish as $1/q^2$, in a way consistent with the fact that in the SYK model only one of the modes contributes to the bilocal propagator in this limit.
We study a series of powerful correspondences among new multi-gravity extensions of the Jackiw-Teitelboim model, multi-SYK models and multi-Schwarzian quantum mechanics, in the $rm{(A)dS_{2}/CFT}$ arena. Deploying a $BF$-like formulation of the model, we discuss the counting of the degrees of freedom for some specific classes of multi-gravity potentials, and unveil connections among a variety of apparently different models. Quantization of multi-gravity models can be then achieved from both the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal, the SYK partition function and the spin-foam approaches. We comment on the SYK quantization procedure, and deepen in the appendix the quantization scheme naturally achieved in the $BF$ framework. The new multi-gravity theory hence recovered presents intriguing applications for analogue gravitational models developed for condensed matter physics, including graphene, endowed with defects and high intensity magnetic fields.
We consider the question of identifying the bulk space-time of the SYK model. Focusing on the signature of emergent space-time of the (Euclidean) model, we explain the need for non-local (Radon-type) transformations on external legs of $n$-point Greens functions. This results in a dual theory with Euclidean AdS signature with additional leg-factors. We speculate that these factors incorporate the coupling of additional bulk states similar to the discrete states of 2d string theory.
This thesis is divided in two parts, each one addressing problems that can be relevant in the study of compact objects. The first part deals with the study of a magnetized and self-gravitating gas of degenerated fermions (electrons and neutrons) as sources of a Bianchi-I space-time. We solve numerically the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for a large set of initial conditions of the dynamical variables. The collapsing singularity is isotropic for the neutron gas and can be anisotropic for the electron gas. This result is consistent with the fact that electrons exhibit a stronger coupling with the magnetic field, which is the source of anisotropy in the dynamical variables. In the second part we calculate the entropy of extremal black holes in 4 and 5 dimensions, using the entropy function formalism of Sen and taking into account higher order derivative terms that come from the complete set of Riemann invariants. The resulting entropies show the deviations from the well know Bekenstein-Hawking area law.
A classical solution where the (scalar) field value moves by an ${cal O}(1)$ range in Planck units is believed to signal the breakdown of Effective Field Theory (EFT). One heuristic argument for this is that such a field will have enough energy to be inside its own Schwarzschild radius, and will result in collapse. In this paper, we consider an inverse problem: what kind of field ranges arise during the gravitational collapse of a classical field? Despite the fact that collapse has been studied for almost a hundred years, most of the discussion is phrased in terms of fluid stress tensors, and not fields. An exception is the scalar collapse made famous by Choptuik. We re-consider Choptuik-like systems, but with the emphasis now on the evolution of the scalar. We give strong evidence that generic spherically symmetric collapse of a massless scalar field leads to super-Planckian field movement. But we also note that in every such supercritical collapse scenario, the large field range is hidden behind an apparent horizon. We also discuss how the familiar perfect fluid models for collapse like Oppenheimer-Snyder and Vaidya should be viewed in light of our results.
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