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Register a new userEngineering tunable local loss in a synthetic lattice of momentum states
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Dissipation can serve as a powerful resource for controlling the behavior of open quantum systems.Recently there has been a surge of interest in the influence of dissipative coupling on large quantum systems and, more specifically, how these processes can influence band topology and phenomena like many-body localization. Here, we explore the engineering of local, tunable dissipation in so-called synthetic lattices, arrays of quantum states that are parametrically coupled in a fashion analogous to quantum tunneling. Considering the specific case of momentum-state lattices, we investigate two distinct mechanisms for engineering controlled loss: one relying on an explicit form of dissipation by spontaneous emission, and another relying on reversible coupling to a large reservoir of unoccupied states. We experimentally implement the latter and demonstrate the ability to tune the local loss rate over a large range. The introduction of controlled loss to the synthetic lattice toolbox promises to pave the way for studying the interplay of dissipation with topology, disorder, and interactions.
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We study the influence of atomic interactions on quantum simulations in momentum-space lattices (MSLs), where driven transitions between discrete momentum states mimic transport between sites of a synthetic lattice. Low energy atomic collisions, which are short ranged in real space, relate to nearly infinite-ranged interactions in momentum space. However, the added exchange energy between atoms in distinguishable momentum states leads to an effectively attractive, finite-ranged interaction in momentum space. In this work, we observe the onset of self-trapping driven by such interactions in a momentum-space double well, paving the way for more complex many-body studies in tailored MSLs. We consider the types of phenomena that may result from these interactions, including the formation of chiral solitons in topological zigzag lattices.
The scope of analog simulation in atomic, molecular, and optical systems has expanded greatly over the past decades. Recently, the idea of synthetic dimensions -- in which transport occurs in a space spanned by internal or motional states coupled by field-driven transitions -- has played a key role in this expansion. While approaches based on synthetic dimensions have led to rapid advances in single-particle Hamiltonian engineering, strong interaction effects have been conspicuously absent from most synthetic dimensions platforms. Here, in a lattice of coupled atomic momentum states, we show that atomic interactions result in large and qualitative changes to dynamics in the synthetic dimension. We explore how the interplay of nonlinear interactions and coherent tunneling enriches the dynamics of a one-band tight-binding model, giving rise to macroscopic self-trapping and phase-driven Josephson dynamics with a nonsinusoidal current-phase relationship, which can be viewed as stemming from a nonlinear band structure arising from interactions.
Hall tube with a tunable flux is an important geometry for studying quantum Hall physics, but its experimental realization in real space is still challenging. Here, we propose to realize a synthetic Hall tube with tunable flux in a one-dimensional optical lattice with the synthetic ring dimension defined by atomic hyperfine states. We investigate the effects of the flux on the system topology and study its quench dynamics. Utilizing the tunable flux, we show how to realize topological charge pumping, where interesting charge flow and transport are observed in rotated spin basis. Finally, we show that the recently observed quench dynamics in a synthetic Hall tube can be explained by the random flux existing in the experiment.
Quantum state transformations that are robust to experimental imperfections are important for applications in quantum information science and quantum sensing. Counterdiabatic (CD) approaches, which use knowledge of the underlying system Hamiltonian to actively correct for diabatic effects, are powerful tools for achieving simultaneously fast and stable state transformations. Protocols for CD driving have thus far been limited in their experimental implementation to discrete systems with just two or three levels, as well as bulk systems with scaling symmetries. Here, we extend the tool of CD control to a discrete synthetic lattice system composed of as many as nine sites. Although this system has a vanishing gap and thus no adiabatic support in the thermodynamic limit, we show that CD approaches can still give a substantial, several order-of-magnitude, improvement in fidelity over naive, fast adiabatic protocols.
We report on the experimental realization and detection of dynamical currents in a spin-textured lattice in momentum space. Collective tunneling is implemented via cavity-assisted Raman scattering of photons by a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate into an optical cavity. The photon field inducing the tunneling processes is subject to cavity dissipation, resulting in effective directional dynamics in a non-Hermitian setting. We observe that the individual tunneling events are superradiant in nature and locally resolve them in the lattice by performing real-time, frequency-resolved measurements of the leaking cavity field. The results can be extended to a regime exhibiting a cascade of currents and finite correlations between multiple lattice sites, where numerical simulations provide further understanding of the dynamics. Our observations showcase dynamical tunneling in momentum-space lattices and provide prospects to realize dynamical gauge fields in driven-dissipative settings.
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