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Register a new userSemiclassical sampling and discretization of certain linear inverse problems
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Authors
Plamen Stefanov
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We study sampling of Fourier Integral Operators $A$ at rates $sh$ with $s$ fixed and $h$ a small parameter. We show that the Nyquist sampling limit of $Af$ and $f$ are related by the canonical relation of $A$ using semiclassical analysis. We apply this analysis to the Radon transform in the parallel and the fan-beam coordinates. We explain and illustrate the optimal sampling rates for $Af$, the aliasing artifacts, and the effect of averaging (blurring) the data $Af$. We prove a Weyl type of estimate on the minimal number of sampling points to recover $f$ stably in terms of the volume of its semiclassical wave front set.
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We study the effect of additive noise to the inversion of FIOs associated to a diffeomorphic canonical relation. We use the microlocal defect measures to measure the power spectrum of the noise and analyze how that power spectrum is transformed under the inversion. In particular, we compute the standard deviation of the noise added to the inversion as a function of the standard deviation of the noise added to the data. As an example, we study the Radon transform in the plane in parallel and fan-beam coordinates, and present numerical examples.
This survey addresses sampling discretization and its connections with other areas of mathematics. We present here known results on sampling discretization of both integral norms and the uniform norm beginning with classical results and ending with very recent achievements. We also show how sampling discretization connects to spectral properties and operator norms of submatrices, embedding of finite-dimensional subspaces, moments of marginals of high-dimensional distributions, and learning theory. Along with the corresponding results, important techniques for proving those results are discussed as well.
Inverse scattering problems have many important applications. In this paper, given limited aperture data, we propose a Bayesian method for the inverse acoustic scattering to reconstruct the shape of an obstacle. The inverse problem is formulated as a statistical model using the Bayes formula. The well-posedness is proved in the sense of the Hellinger metric. The extended sampling method is modified to provide the initial guess of the target location, which is critical to the fast convergence of the MCMC algorithm. An extensive numerical study is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
The paper studies inverse problems of determining unknown coefficients in various semi-linear and quasi-linear wave equations. We introduce a method to solve inverse problems for non-linear equations using interaction of three waves, that makes it possible to study the inverse problem in all dimensions $n+1geq 3$. We consider the case when the set $Omega_{textrm{in}}$, where the sources are supported, and the set $Omega_{textrm{out}}$, where the observations are made, are separated. As model problems we study both a quasi-linear and also a semi-linear wave equation and show in each case that it is possible to uniquely recover the background metric up to the natural obstructions for uniqueness that is governed by finite speed of propagation for the wave equation and a gauge corresponding to change of coordinates. The proof consists of two independent components. In the first half we study multiple-fold linearization of the non-linear wave equation near real parts of Gaussian beams that results in a three-wave interaction. We show that the three-wave interaction can produce a three-to-one scattering data. In the second half of the paper, we study an abstract formulation of the three-to-one scattering relation showing that it recovers the topological, differential and conformal structures of the manifold in a causal diamond set that is the intersection of the future of the point $p_{in}in Omega_{textrm{in}}$ and the past of the point $p_{out}in Omega_{textrm{out}}$. The results do not require any assumptions on the conjugate or cut points.
We develop an existence and regularity theory for a class of degenerate one-phase free boundary problems. In this way we unify the basic theories in free boundary problems like the classical one-phase problem, the obstacle problem, or more generally for minimizers of the Alt-Phillips functional.
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