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Register a new userA Proof-of-principle for Time-Of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
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Time-Of-Flight (TOF) is a noble technique that is used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging worldwide. The scintillator based imaging system that is being used around the world for TOF-PET is very expensive. Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs) are gaseous detectors which are easy to fabricate, inexpensive and have excellent position and timing resolution. They can be used as a suitable alternative to highly expensive scintillators. For the sole purpose of TOF-PET, a pair of 18 cm $times$ 18 cm, 5 gap, glass-based MRPC modules have been fabricated. Our main aim was to determine the shift in the position of the source (Na-22) with these fabricated MRPCs. In this document, the details of the experimental results will be presented.
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PET is a functional imaging technique based on detection of annihilation photons following beta decay producing positrons. In this paper, we present the concept of a new PET system for preclinical applications consisting of a ring of twelve time projection chambers filled with liquid xenon viewed by avalanche photodiodes. Simultaneous measurement of ionization charge and scintillation light leads to a significant improvement to spatial resolution, image quality, and sensitivity. Simulated performance shows that an energy resolution of <10% (FWHM) and a sensitivity of 15% are achievable. First tests with a prototype TPC indicate position resolution <1 mm (FWHM).
Axions and axion-like particles are excellent low-mass dark matter candidates. The MADMAX experiment aims to directly detect galactic axions with masses between $40,mu{rm eV}$ and $400,mu{rm eV}$ by using the axion-induced emission of electromagnetic waves from boundaries between materials of different dielectric constants under a strong magnetic field. Combining many such surfaces, this emission can be significantly enhanced (boosted) using constructive interference and resonances. We present a first proof of principle realization of such a booster system consisting of a copper mirror and up to five sapphire disks. The electromagnetic response of the system is investigated by reflectivity measurements. The mechanical accuracy, calibration process of unwanted reflections and the repeatability of a basic tuning algorithm to place the disks are investigated. We find that for the presented cases the electromagnetic response in terms of the group delay predicted by one-dimensional calculations is sufficiently realized in our setup. The repeatability of the tuning is at the percent level, and would have small impact on the sensitivity of such a booster.
In the present ongoing study, we are proposing a prototype model for positron emission tomography detection technology by introduction of a new discriminatory window parameter. It can be a new generation PET detection technique. We introduced Polarization Measurement of the annihilation photons(generated from the annihilation of positron and electron) as an additional parameter in proposed prototype, to correlate annihilation photons of a particular annihilation event. The motivation behind this introduction is Quantum Entanglement relation between the two annihilation photons. These two oppositely emitted photons are linearly polarized at right angle to each other. Simulations studies for this research work are undergoing and some preliminary results are presented here.
TORCH is a time-of-flight detector that is being developed for the Upgrade II of the LHCb experiment, with the aim of providing charged particle identification over the momentum range 2-10 GeV/c. A small-scale TORCH demonstrator with customised readout electronics has been operated successfully in beam tests at the CERN PS. Preliminary results indicate that a single-photon resolution better than 100 ps can be achieved.
A system based on commercially available items, such as a laser diode, emitting in the visible range $sim 400$ nm,and multimode fiber patches, fused fiber splitters and optical switches may be assembled,for time calibration of multi-channels time-of-flight (TOF) detectors with photomultipliers (PMTs) readout. As available laser diode sources have unfortunately limited peak power, the main experimental problem is the tight light power budget of such a system. In addition, while the technology for fused fiber splitters is common in the Telecom wavelength range ($lambda sim 850, 1300-1500$ nm), it is not easily available in the visible one. Therefore, extensive laboratory tests had to be done on purpose, to qualify the used optical components, and a full scale timing calibration prototype was built. Obtained results show that with such a system, a calibration resolution ($sigma$) in the range 20-30 ps may be within reach. Therefore, fast multi-channels TOF detectors, with timing resolutions in the range 50-100 ps, may be easily calibrated in time. Results on tested optical components may be of interest also for time calibration of different light detection systems based on PMTs, as the ones used for detection of the vacuum ultraviolet scintillation light emitted by ionizing particles in large LAr TPCs.
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