No Arabic abstract
We used the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution catalogue, part of the Gaia Data Release 1, to search for candidate astrometric microlensing events expected to occur within the remaining lifetime of the Gaia satellite. Our search yielded one promising candidate. We predict that the nearby DQ type white dwarf LAWD 37 (WD 1142-645) will lens a background star and will reach closest approach on November 11th 2019 ($pm$ 4 days) with impact parameter $380pm10$ mas. This will produce an apparent maximum deviation of the source position of $2.8pm0.1$ mas. In the most propitious circumstance, Gaia will be able to determine the mass of LAWD 37 to $sim3%$. This mass determination will provide an independent check on atmospheric models of white dwarfs with helium rich atmospheres, as well as tests of white dwarf mass radius relationships and evolutionary theory.
We report the lens mass and distance measurements of the nearby microlensing event TCP J05074264+2447555. We measure the microlens parallax vector ${pi}_{rm E}$ using Spitzer and ground-based light curves with constraints on the direction of lens-source relative proper motion derived from Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) GRAVITY observations. Combining this ${pi}_{rm E}$ determination with the angular Einstein radius $theta_{rm E}$ measured by VLTI GRAVITY observations, we find that the lens is a star with mass $M_{rm L} = 0.495 pm 0.063~M_{odot}$ at a distance $D_{rm L} = 429 pm 21~{rm pc}$. We find that the blended light basically all comes from the lens. The lens-source proper motion is $mu_{rm rel,hel} = 26.55 pm 0.36~{rm mas,yr^{-1}}$, so with currently available adaptive-optics (AO) instruments, the lens and source can be resolved in 2021. This is the first microlensing event whose lens mass is unambiguously measured by interferometry + satellite parallax observations, which opens a new window for mass measurements of isolated objects such as stellar-mass black holes.
The bright transient AT2018cow has been unlike any other known type of transient. Its high brightness, rapid rise and decay and initially nearly featureless spectrum are unprecedented and difficult to explain using models for similar burst sources. We present evidence for faint gamma-ray emission continuing for at least 8 days, and featureless spectra in the ultraviolet bands -- both unusual for eruptive sources. The X-ray variability of the source has a burst-like character. The UV-optical spectrum does not show any CNO line but is well described by a blackbody. We demonstrate that a model invoking the tidal disruption of a 0.1 - 0.4 Msun Helium White Dwarf (WD) by a 100,000 to one million solar mass Black Hole (BH) located in the outskirts of galaxy Z~137-068 could provide an explanation for most of the characteristics shown in the multi-wavelength observations. A blackbody-like emission is emitted from an opaque photosphere, formed by the debris of the WD disruption. Broad features showing up in the optical/infrared spectra in the early stage are probably velocity broadened lines produced in a transient high-velocity outward moving cocoon. The asymmetric optical/infrared lines that appeared at a later stage are emission from an atmospheric layer when it detached from thermal equilibrium with the photosphere, which undergoes more rapid cooling. The photosphere shrinks when its temperature drops, and the subsequent infall of the atmosphere produced asymmetric line profiles. Additionally, a non-thermal jet might be present, emitting X-rays in the 10-150 keV band.
Astrometric microlensing will offer in the next future a new channel for investigating the nature of both lenses and sources involved in a gravitational microlensing event. The effect, corresponding to the shift of the position of the multiple image centroid with respect to the source star location, is expected to occurr on scales from micro-arcoseconds to milli-arcoseconds depending on the characteristics of the lens-source system. Here, we consider different classes of events (single/binary lens acting on a single/binary source) also accounting for additional effects including the finite source size, the blending and orbital motion. This is particularly important in the era of Gaia observations which is making possible astrometric measurements with unprecedent quality.
We show that the optical flare event discovered by Graham et al. (2020) towards the active galactic nucleus J1249+3449 is fully consistent with being a quasar microlensing event due to a $simeq 0.1 M_{odot}$ star, although other explanations, such as that, mainly supported by Graham et al. (2020), of being the electromagnetic counterpart associated to a binary black hole merger, cannot be completely excluded at present.
We report the detection of a radial velocity companion to the extremely low mass white dwarf LP400-22. The radial velocity of the white dwarf shows variations with a semi-amplitude of 119 km/s and a 0.98776 day period, which implies a companion mass of M > 0.37 Msun. The optical photometry rules out a main sequence companion. Thus the invisible companion is another white dwarf or a neutron star. Using proper motion measurements and the radial velocity of the binary system, we find that it has an unusual Galactic orbit. LP400-22 is moving away from the Galactic center with a velocity of 396 km/s, which is very difficult to explain by supernova runaway ejection mechanisms. Dynamical interactions with a massive black hole like that in the Galactic center can in principle explain its peculiar velocity, if the progenitor was a triple star system comprised of a close binary and a distant tertiary companion. Until better proper motions become available, we consider LP400-22 to be most likely a halo star with a very unusual orbit.