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Agnese Giaz
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The determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, whether the $ u _3$ neutrino mass eigenstate is heavier or lighter than the $ u _1$ and $ u _2$ mass eigenstates, is one of the remaining undetermined fundamental aspects of the Standard Model in the lepton sector. Furthermore the mass hierarchy determination will have an impact in the quest of the neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana mass terms) towards the formulation of a theory of flavour. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a reactor neutrino experiment under construction at Kaiping, Jiangmen in Southern China composed by a large liquid scintillator detector (sphere of 35.4 m of diameter) surronding by 18000 large PMTs and 25000 small PMTs, a water cherenkov detector and a top tracker detector. The large active mass (20 kton) and the unprecedented energy resolution (3% at 1 MeV) will allow to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy with good sensitivity and to precisely measure the neutrino mixing parameters, $theta _{12}$, $Delta m^2_{21} $, and $Delta m^2_{ee}$ below the 1% level. Moreover, a large liquid scintillator detector will allow to explore physics beyond mass hierarchy determination, in particular on many oyher topics such as in astroparticle physics, like supernova burst and diffuse supernova neutrinos, solar neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, nucleon decay, indirect dark matter searches and a number of additional exotic searches. In this work the status and the perspectives of the JUNO experiment will be described, focusing also on the main physics aims and the other possible physics cases.
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We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in combination with a novel dual calorimetry technique exploiting two independent photosensors and readout systems, we demonstrate that the JUNO central detector can achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, required by the neutrino mass ordering determination.
NEXT is an experiment dedicated to neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon. The detector is a TPC, holding 100 kg of high-pressure xenon enriched in the $^{136}$Xe isotope. It is under construction in the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc in Spain, and it will begin operations in 2015. The NEXT detector concept provides an energy resolution better than 1% FWHM and a topological signal that can be used to reduce the background. Furthermore, the NEXT technology can be extrapolated to a 1-ton scale experiment.
The current event display system in the offline software of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory Experiment(JUNO) is based on the ROOT EVE package. We use Unity, a renowned game engine, to improve its performance and make it available on different platforms. Compared to ROOT, Unity provides a more vivid demonstration for high energy physics experiments and can be ported to different platforms easily. We build a tool for event display in JUNO with Unity. It provides us an intuitive way to observe the detector model, the particle trajectories and the hit distributions.
The JSNS$^2$ experiment aims to search for the existence of neutrino oscillations with $Delta {rm m}^2$ near 1 eV$^2$ at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). A 3~GeV 1~MW proton beam incident on a mercury target produces an intense neutrino source from muon decay at rest ($mu^{+} rightarrow e^{+} + bar{ u}_{mu} + u_{e}$). The oscillation to be searched for is $bar{ u}_{mu}$ to $bar{ u}_{e}$, detected via the inverse beta decay~(IBD) reaction ($bar{ u}_{e} + p rightarrow e^{+} + n$), which is then distinctively tagged by gammas from neutron capture of Gadolinium. The first of two detectors with 17 tons fiducial volume is currently under construction at a distance of 24 m from the mercury target. JSNS$^2$ is expected to provide the ultimate test of the LSND anomaly by replicating nearly identical conditions. The status of the experiment, which is expected to start taking data in Spring 2019, is discussed and its physics potential reviewed.
The KATRIN experiment, presently under construction in Karlsruhe, Germany, will improve on previous laboratory limits on the neutrino mass by a factor of ten. KATRIN will use a high-activity, gaseous T2 source and a very high-resolution spectrometer to measure the shape of the high-energy tail of the tritium-decay beta spectrum. The shape measurement will also be sensitive to new physics, including sterile neutrinos and Lorentz violation. This report summarizes recent progress in the experiment.
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