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Register a new userThe KATRIN Experiment: Status and Outlook
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D.S. Parno
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The KATRIN experiment, presently under construction in Karlsruhe, Germany, will improve on previous laboratory limits on the neutrino mass by a factor of ten. KATRIN will use a high-activity, gaseous T2 source and a very high-resolution spectrometer to measure the shape of the high-energy tail of the tritium-decay beta spectrum. The shape measurement will also be sensitive to new physics, including sterile neutrinos and Lorentz violation. This report summarizes recent progress in the experiment.
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The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.
The focal-plane detector system for the KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment consists of a multi-pixel silicon p-i-n-diode array, custom readout electronics, two superconducting solenoid magnets, an ultra high-vacuum system, a high-vacuum system, calibration and monitoring devices, a scintillating veto, and a custom data-acquisition system. It is designed to detect the low-energy electrons selected by the KATRIN main spectrometer. We describe the system and summarize its performance after its final installation.
The KATRIN experiment is going to search for the average mass of the electron antineutrino with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2. It uses a retardation spectrometer of MAC-E filter type to accurately measure the shape of the electron spectrum at the endpoint of tritium beta decay. In order to achieve the planned sensitivity the transmission properties of the spectrometer have to be understood with high precision for all initial conditions. For this purpose an electron source has been developed that emits single electrons at adjustable total energy and adjustable emission angle. The emission is pointlike and can be moved across the full flux tube that is imaged onto the detector. Here, we demonstrate that this novel type of electron source can be used to investigate the transmission properties of a MAC-E filter in detail.
The JSNS$^2$ experiment aims to search for the existence of neutrino oscillations with $Delta {rm m}^2$ near 1 eV$^2$ at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). A 3~GeV 1~MW proton beam incident on a mercury target produces an intense neutrino source from muon decay at rest ($mu^{+} rightarrow e^{+} + bar{ u}_{mu} + u_{e}$). The oscillation to be searched for is $bar{ u}_{mu}$ to $bar{ u}_{e}$, detected via the inverse beta decay~(IBD) reaction ($bar{ u}_{e} + p rightarrow e^{+} + n$), which is then distinctively tagged by gammas from neutron capture of Gadolinium. The first of two detectors with 17 tons fiducial volume is currently under construction at a distance of 24 m from the mercury target. JSNS$^2$ is expected to provide the ultimate test of the LSND anomaly by replicating nearly identical conditions. The status of the experiment, which is expected to start taking data in Spring 2019, is discussed and its physics potential reviewed.
The determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy, whether the $ u _3$ neutrino mass eigenstate is heavier or lighter than the $ u _1$ and $ u _2$ mass eigenstates, is one of the remaining undetermined fundamental aspects of the Standard Model in the lepton sector. Furthermore the mass hierarchy determination will have an impact in the quest of the neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana mass terms) towards the formulation of a theory of flavour. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a reactor neutrino experiment under construction at Kaiping, Jiangmen in Southern China composed by a large liquid scintillator detector (sphere of 35.4 m of diameter) surronding by 18000 large PMTs and 25000 small PMTs, a water cherenkov detector and a top tracker detector. The large active mass (20 kton) and the unprecedented energy resolution (3% at 1 MeV) will allow to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy with good sensitivity and to precisely measure the neutrino mixing parameters, $theta _{12}$, $Delta m^2_{21} $, and $Delta m^2_{ee}$ below the 1% level. Moreover, a large liquid scintillator detector will allow to explore physics beyond mass hierarchy determination, in particular on many oyher topics such as in astroparticle physics, like supernova burst and diffuse supernova neutrinos, solar neutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, nucleon decay, indirect dark matter searches and a number of additional exotic searches. In this work the status and the perspectives of the JUNO experiment will be described, focusing also on the main physics aims and the other possible physics cases.
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