We prove a version of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt Theorem for profinite pronilpotent Lie algebras in which their symmetric and universal enveloping algebras are replaced with appropriate formal analogues and discuss some immediate corollaries of this result.
We prove an analog of the Ado theorem - the existence of a finite-dimensional faithful representation - for a certain kind of finite-dimensional nilpotent Hom-Lie algebras.
We define derived Poincare--Birkhoff--Witt maps of dg operads or derived PBW maps, for short, which extend the definition of PBW maps between operads of V.~Dotsenko and the second author in 1804.06485, with the purpose of studying the universal enveloping algebra of dg Lie algebras as a functor on the homotopy category. Our main result shows that the map from the homotopy Lie operad to the homotopy associative operad is derived PBW, which gives us an amenable description of the homology of the universal envelope of an $L_infty$-algebra in the sense of Lada--Markl. We deduce from this several known results involving universal envelopes of $L_infty$-algebras of V. Baranovsky and J. Moreno-Fernandez, and extend D. Quillens classical quasi-isomorphism $mathcal C longrightarrow BU$ from dg Lie algebras to $L_infty$-algebras; this confirms a conjecture of J. Moreno-Fernandez.
For a simple Lie algebra, over $mathbb{C}$, we consider the weight which is the sum of all simple roots and denote it $tilde{alpha}$. We formally use Kostants weight multiplicity formula to compute the dimension of the zero-weight space. In type $A_r$, $tilde{alpha}$ is the highest root, and therefore this dimension is the rank of the Lie algebra. In type $B_r$, this is the defining representation, with dimension equal to 1. In the remaining cases, the weight $tilde{alpha}$ is not dominant and is not the highest weight of an irreducible finite-dimensional representation. Kostants weight multiplicity formula, in these cases, is assigning a value to a virtual representation. The point, however, is that this number is nonzero if and only if the Lie algebra is classical. This gives rise to a new characterization of the exceptional Lie algebras as the only Lie algebras for which this value is zero.
We introduce a notion of $n$-Lie Rinehart algebras as a generalization of Lie Rinehart algebras to $n$-ary case. This notion is also an algebraic analogue of $n$-Lie algebroids. We develop representation theory and describe a cohomology complex of $n$-Lie Rinehart algebras. Furthermore, we investigate extension theory of $n$-Lie Rinehart algebras by means of $2$-cocycles. Finally, we introduce crossed modules of $n$-Lie Rinehart algebras to gain a better understanding of their third dimensional cohomology groups.