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Register a new userEvolution of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional electron gas of LaTiO3/SrTiO3
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Understanding, creating, and manipulating spin polarization of two-dimensional electron gases at complex oxide interfaces presents an experimental challenge. For example, despite almost a decade long research effort, the microscopic origin of ferromagnetism in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterojunction is still an open question. Here, by using a prototypical two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) which emerges at the interface between band insulator SrTiO3 and antiferromagnetic Mott insulator LaTiO3 , the experiment reveals the evidence for magnetic phase separation in hole-doped Ti d1 t2g system resulting in spin-polarized 2DEG. The details of electronic and magnetic properties of the 2DEG were investigated by temperature-dependent d.c. transport, angle-dependent X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and temperature-dependent magnetoresistance. The observation of clear hysteresis in magnetotransport at low magnetic fields implies spin-polarization from magnetic islands in the hole rich LaTiO3 near the interface. These findings emphasize the role of magnetic instabilities in doped Mott insulators thus providing another path for designing all-oxide structures relevant to spintronics applications.
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Magnetotransport and superconducting properties are investigated for uniformly La-doped SrTiO3 films and GdTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, respectively. GdTiO3/SrTiO3 interfaces exhibit a high-density two-dimensional electron gas on the SrTiO3-side of the interface, while for the SrTiO3 films carriers are provided by the dopant atoms. Both types of samples exhibit ferromagnetism at low temperatures, as evidenced by a hysteresis in the magnetoresistance. For the uniformly doped SrTiO3 films, the Curie temperature is found to increase with doping and to coexist with superconductivity for carrier concentrations on the high-density side of the superconducting dome. The Curie temperature of the GdTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures scales with the thickness of the SrTiO3 quantum well. The results are used to construct a stability diagram for the ferromagnetic and superconducting phases of SrTiO3.
Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) on the SrTiO3 (STO) surface or in STO-based heterostructures have exhibited many intriguing phenomena, which are strongly dependent on the 2DEG-carrier density. We report that the tunability of the 2DEG-carrier density is significantly enhanced by adding a monolayer LaTiO3 (LTO) onto the STO. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induced maximum carrier density of the 2DEG in LTO/STO is increased by a factor of ~4 times, compared to that of the bare STO. By oxygen gas exposure, it becomes 10 times smaller than that of the bare STO. This enhanced tunability is attributed to the drastic surface property change of a polar LTO layer by UV irradiation and O2 exposure. This indicates that the 2DEG controllability in LTO/STO is more reliable than that on the bare STO driven by defects, such an oxygen vacancy.
The voltage-spectral density SV(f) of the 2-dimensional electron gas formed at the interface of LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 has been thoroughly investigated. The low-frequency component has a clear 1/f behavior with a quadratic bias current dependence, attributed to resistance fluctuations. However, its temperature dependence is inconsistent with the classical Hooge model, based on carrier-mobility fluctuations. The experimental results are, instead, explained in terms of carrier-number fluctuations, due to an excitation-trapping mechanism of the 2-dimensional electron gas.
Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in SrTiO$_3$ have become model systems for engineering emergent behaviour in complex transition metal oxides. Understanding the collective interactions that enable this, however, has thus far proved elusive. Here we demonstrate that angle-resolved photoemission can directly image the quasiparticle dynamics of the $d$-electron subband ladder of this complex-oxide 2DEG. Combined with realistic tight-binding supercell calculations, we uncover how quantum confinement and inversion symmetry breaking collectively tune the delicate interplay of charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in this system. We reveal how they lead to pronounced orbital ordering, mediate an orbitally-enhanced Rashba splitting with complex subband-dependent spin-orbital textures and markedly change the character of electron-phonon coupling, co-operatively shaping the low-energy electronic structure of the 2DEG. Our results allow for a unified understanding of spectroscopic and transport measurements across different classes of SrTiO$_3$-based 2DEGs, and yield new microscopic insights on their functional properties.
We explore the second order bilinear magnetoelectric resistance (BMER) effect in the d-electron-based two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the SrTiO3 (111) surface. We find an evidence of a spin-split band structure with the archetypal spin-momentum locking of the Rashba effect for the in-plane component. Under an out-of-plane magnetic field, we find a BMER signal that breaks the six-fold symmetry of the electronic dispersion, which is a fingerprint for the presence of a momentum dependent out-of-plane spin component. Relativistic electronic structure calculations reproduce this spin-texture and indicate that the out-of-plane component is a ubiquitous property of oxide 2DEGs arising from strong crystal field effects. We further show that the BMER response of the SrTiO3 (111) 2DEG is tunable and unexpectedly large.
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