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Threes Company

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 Added by Benjamin Wieder
 Publication date 2018
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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Enabled by recent advances in symmetry and electronic structure, researchers have observed signatures of unconventional threefold degeneracies in tungsten carbide, challenging a longstanding paradigm in nodal semimetals.



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HD 3167 is a bright (V = 8.9), nearby K0 star observed by the NASA K2 mission (EPIC 220383386), hosting two small, short-period transiting planets. Here we present the results of a multi-site, multi-instrument radial velocity campaign to characterize the HD 3167 system. The masses of the transiting planets are 5.02+/-0.38 MEarth for HD 3167 b, a hot super-Earth with a likely rocky composition (rho_b = 5.60+2.15-1.43 g/cm^3), and 9.80+1.30-1.24 MEarth for HD 3167 c, a warm sub-Neptune with a likely substantial volatile complement (rho_c = 1.97+0.94-0.59 g/cm^3). We explore the possibility of atmospheric composition analysis and determine that planet c is amenable to transmission spectroscopy measurements, and planet b is a potential thermal emission target. We detect a third, non-transiting planet, HD 3167 d, with a period of 8.509+/-0.045 d (between planets b and c) and a minimum mass of 6.90+/-0.71 MEarth. We are able to constrain the mutual inclination of planet d with planets b and c: we rule out mutual inclinations below 1.3 degrees as we do not observe transits of planet d. From 1.3-40 degrees, there are viewing geometries invoking special nodal configurations which result in planet d not transiting some fraction of the time. From 40-60 degrees, Kozai-Lidov oscillations increase the systems instability, but it can remain stable for up to 100Myr. Above 60 degrees, the system is unstable. HD 3167 promises to be a fruitful system for further study and a preview of the many exciting systems expected from the upcoming NASA TESS mission.
The substantial number of binary central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) now known ($sim$50) has revealed a strong connection between binarity and some morphological features including jets and low-ionisation structures. However, some features and asymmetries might be too complex or subtle to ascribe to binary interactions alone. A tertiary component, i.e. a triple nucleus, could be the missing ingredient required to produce these features. The only proven triple, NGC 246, is insufficient to investigate the shaping role of triple nuclei, but one straight-forward way to identify more triples is to search for binaries in nuclei with known visual companions. Here we report on the SALT HRS discovery of a 4.81 d orbital period in the CSPN of Sp 3 which has a visual companion 0.31 away. The spectroscopic distance of the visual companion agrees with distance estimates to the nebula, the GAIA DR2 parallax of the central star, and the gravity distance of the central star. This supports a physical association between the visual companion and the 4.81 d binary, making the nucleus of Sp 3 a likely triple. We determine $T_mathrm{eff}=68^{+12}_{-6}$ kK, $log g=4.6pm0.2$ cm s$^{-2}$ and $v_mathrm{rot}=80pm20$ km s$^{-1}$ for the primary from NLTE model atmosphere analysis. The peculiar nebula presents an apparent bipolar morphology, jets and an unexpected `extreme oxygen abundance discrepancy factor (adf) of 24.6$^{+4.1}_{-3.4}$. The adf is inconsistent with the purported trend for longer orbital period post-CE PNe to exhibit normal adfs, further highlighting selection effects in post-CE PNe. The Type-I nebular abundances of Sp 3, whose origin is often tied to more massive progenitors, are incongruous with the likely Galactic Thick Disk membership of Sp 3, possibly suggesting that rotation and binarity may play an important role in the AGB nucleosynthesis of PNe. (abridged)
We analyze the computational complexity of the popular computer games Threes!, 1024!, 2048 and many of their variants. For most kno
In this paper we present several algorithmic techniques for inferring the structure of a company when only a limited amount of information is available. We consider problems with two types of inputs: the number of pairs of employees with a given property and restricted information about the hierarchical structure of the company. We provide dynamic programming and greedy algorithms for these problems.
We statistically investigate the distribution of share price and the distributions of three common financial indicators using data from approximately 8,000 companies publicly listed worldwide for the period 2004-2013. We find that the distribution of share price follows Zipfs law; that is, it can be approximated by a power law distribution with exponent equal to 1. An examination of the distributions of dividends per share, cash flow per share, and book value per share - three financial indicators that can be assumed to influence corporate value (i.e. share price) - shows that these distributions can also be approximated by a power law distribution with power-law exponent equal to 1. We estimate a panel regression model in which share price is the dependent variable and the three financial indicators are explanatory variables. The two-way fixed effects model that was selected as the best model has quite high power for explaining the actual data. From these results, we can surmise that the reason why share price follows Zipfs law is that corporate value, i.e. company fundamentals, follows Zipfs law.
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