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Register a new userChiral solitons in a non-linear model of helical molecules
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Added by
Francisco Dominguez-Adame
Publication date
2017
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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In this paper an effective integrable non-linear model describing the electron spin dynamics in a deformable helical molecule with weak spin-orbit coupling is presented. Non-linearity arises from the electron-lattice interaction and it enables the formation of a variety of stable solitons such as bright solitons, breathers and rogue waves, all of them presenting well defined spin projection onto the molecule axis. A thorough study of the soliton solutions is presented and discussed.
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It is widely admitted that the helical conformation of certain chiral molecules may induce a sizable spin selectivity observed in experiments. Spin selectivity arises as a result of the interplay between a helicity-induced spin-orbit coupling and electric dipole fields in the molecule. From the theoretical point of view, different phenomena might affect the spin dynamics in helical molecules, such as quantum dephasing, dissipation and the role of metallic contacts. Previous studies neglected the local deformation of the molecule about the carrier thus far, but this assumption seems unrealistic to describe charge transport in molecular systems. We introduce an effective model describing the electron spin dynamics in a deformable helical molecule with weak spin-orbit coupling. We find that the electron-lattice interaction allows the formation of stable solitons such as bright solitons with well defined spin projection onto the molecule axis. We present a thorough study of these bright solitons and analyze their possible impact on the spin dynamics in deformable helical molecules.
The present review gives a survey of recent developments and applications of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with $N_f=2$ and $N_f=3$ quark flavors for the structure of baryons. The model is an effective chiral quark theory which incorporates the SU(N$_f$)$_Lotimes$SU(N$_f$)$_Rotimes$U(1)$_V$ approximate symmetry of Quantum chromodynamics. The approach describes the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and dynamical quark mass generation. Mesons appear as quark-antiquark excitations and baryons arise as non-topological solitons with three valence quarks and a polarized Dirac sea. For the evaluation of the baryon properties the present review concentrates on the non-linear Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with quark and Goldstone degrees of freedom which is identical to the Chiral quark soliton model obtained from the instanton liquid model of the QCD vacuum. In this non-linear model, a wide variety of observables of baryons of the octet and decuplet is considered. These include, in particular, electromagnetic, axial, pseudoscalar and pion nucleon form factors and the related static properties like magnetic moments, radii and coupling constants of the nucleon as well as the mass splittings and electromagnetic form factors of hyperons. Predictions are given for the strange form factors, the scalar form factor and the tensor charge of the nucleon.
We consider the problem of absence of backscattering in the transport of Manakov solitons on a line. The concept of transparent boundary conditions is used for modeling the reflectionless propagation of Manakov vector solitons in a one-dimensional domain. Artificial boundary conditions that ensure the absence of backscattering are derived and their numerical implementation is demonstrated.
We consider a supersymmetric Bogomolny-type model in 2+1 dimensions originating from twistor string theory. By a gauge fixing this model is reduced to a modified U(n) chiral model with N<=8 supersymmetries in 2+1 dimensions. After a Moyal-type deformation of the model, we employ the dressing method to explicitly construct multi-soliton configurations on noncommutative R^{2,1} and analyze some of their properties.
Solitons in the Skyrme-Faddeev model on R^2xS^1 are shown to undergo buckling transitions as the circumference of the S^1 is varied. These results support a recent conjecture that solitons in this field theory are well-described by a much simpler model of elastic rods.
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