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Register a new userIn-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment
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The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAPs 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.
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ICARUS T600 will be operated as far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab (USA), which foresees three liquid argon time projection chambers along the Booster Neutrino Beam line to search for a LSND-like sterile neutrino signal. The detector employs 360 photomultiplier tubes, Hamamatsu model R5912-MOD, suitable for cryogenic applications. A total of 400 PMTs were procured from Hamamatsu and tested at room temperature to evaluate the performance of the devices and their compliance to detect the liquid argon scintillation light in the T600 detector. Furthermore 60 units were also characterized at cryogenic temperature, in liquid argon bath, to evaluate any parameter variation which could affect the scintillation light detection. All the tested PMTs were found to comply with the requirements of ICARUS T600 and a subset of 360 specimens was selected for the final installation in the detector.
The model R5912-20MOD photomultiplier tube(PMT) is made for cryogenic application by Hamamatsu. In this paper, we report on the measurement of relative quantum efficiency (QE) of this model PMT at liquid argon(LAr) temperature. Furthermore, a specially designed setup and relevant test method are introduced. The relative QE is measured in visible wavelengths with the PMT emerged in high purity nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the change of QE at LAr temperature is within about 5% compared with room temperature around 420 nm. However, the QE increases about 10% in the shorter wavelength range and decreases significantly after 550 nm.
The detector for the MiniBooNE experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employs 1520 8 inch Hamamatsu models R1408 and R5912 photomultiplier tubes with custom-designed bases. Tests were performed to determine the dark rate, charge and timing resolutions, double-pulsing rate, and desired operating voltage for each tube, so that the tubes could be sorted for optimal placement in the detector. Seven phototubes were tested to find the angular dependence of their response. After the Super-K phototube implosion accident, an analysis was performed to determine the risk of a similar accident with MiniBooNE.
Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one of the critical requirements for such detectors are large-area, high performance photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). One candidate for such a device is the Hamamatsu R11780, a 12 PMT that is available in both standard and high quantum efficien
The Hamamatsu R5912-02Mod photomultiplier tube (PMT) will be used in the DUNE dual-phase module, a 10-kton fiducial volume liquid-argon time-projection chamber, which is one of the four projected far-detector modules of the DUNE long-baseline neutrino experiment. In the DUNE dual-phase module, the liquid argon places high pressure on the photo-detectors located at the bottom of the 14-m cryostat. Four Hamamatsu R5912-02Mod PMTs were tested at 4-bar absolute pressure and cryogenic temperature (in liquid nitrogen) for the first time. No mechanical or electrical damage is reported, validating the use of this PMT model in the DUNE dual-phase module and in other large scale cryogenic liquid detectors. The differences observed in their behavior are expected for the change in the PMT operating temperature.
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