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Register a new userAdditive empirical parametrization and microscopic study of the deuteron breakup
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Comparative assessment of the total breakup proton-emission cross sections measured for 56 MeV deuteron interaction with target nuclei from $^{12}$C to $^{209}$Bi, with an empirical parametrization and recently calculated microscopic neutron-removal cross sections has been done at the same time with similar data measured at 15, 25.5, 70, and 80 MeV. Comparable mass dependances of the elastic-breakup (EB) cross sections provided by the empirical parametrization and the microscopic results have been also found at the deuteron energy of 56 MeV, while the assessment of absolute-values variance up to a factor of two has been not possible due to the lack of EB measurements at energies higher than 25.5 MeV. While the similarities represent an additional validation of the microscopic calculations, the cross-section difference should be considered within the objectives of further measurements.
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The hadron-deuteron correlation function has attracted many interests as a potential method to access the three-hadron interactions. However, the weakly-bound nature of deuteron has not been considered in the preceding studies. In this study, the breakup effect of deuteron on the deuteron-$Xi^-$ ($d$-$Xi^-$) correlation function $C_{dXi^-}$ is investigated. The $d$-$Xi^-$ scattering is described by a nucleon-nucleon-$Xi$ three-body reaction model. The continuum-discretized coupled-channels method, which is a fully quantum-mechanical and non-perturbative reaction model, is adopted. $C_{dXi^-}$ turns out to be sensitive to the strong interaction and enhanced by the deuteron breakup effect by 6--8 % for the $d$-$Xi^-$ relative momentum below about 70 MeV/$c$. Low-lying neutron-neutron continuum states are responsible for this enhancement. Within the adopted model, the deuteron breakup effect on $C_{dXi^-}$ is found to be appreciable but not very significant. Except for the enhancement by several percent, studies on $C_{dXi^-}$ without the deuteron breakup effect can be justified.
Deuteron-deuteron elastic scattering and transfer reactions in the energy regime above four-nucleon breakup threshold are described by solving exact four-particle equations for transition operators. Several realistic nuclear interaction models are used, including the one with effective many-nucleon forces generated by the explicit $Delta$-isobar excitation; the Coulomb force between protons is taken into account as well. Differential cross sections, deuteron analyzing powers, outgoing nucleon polarization, and deuteron-to-neutron polarization transfer coefficients are calculated at 10 MeV deuteron energy. Overall good agreement with the experimental data is found. The importance of breakup channels is demonstrated.
We discuss the quasi-adiabatic approximations to the three-body wavefunction in breakup processes, clarifying the assumptions underlying the model. This suggests alternative approximation schemes. Using different theoretical three-body models, calculated differential cross section angular distributions for the Be-11(p,d) reaction,for which new preliminary data have been reported at 35 MeV, are presented. We show that calculations are sensitive to the inclusion of deuteron breakup and to the breakup model used, particularly if used to deduce absolute spectroscopic information on the 0{+} and 2{+} Be-10 core state parentages. There is also considerable sensitivity to the model used in calculations of the relative cross sections to the two states.
The reactions of nucleon and polarized deuteron scattered off a heavy target at large impact parameter with intermediate energies have been investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. It is found that, due to the difference effect of isovector potential on proton and neutron, there is a significant difference between the angle distribution of elastic scattering protons and neutrons. To overcome the lack of monochromatic neutron beam, the reaction of polarized deuteron peripherally scattered off the heavy target is used to replace the reaction of individual proton and neutron scattered off heavy target to study the isospin effect. It is found that the distributions of elastic scattering angle of proton and neutron originating from the breakup of deuteron are very similar to the results of the individual proton- and neutron-induced reaction. A new probe more effective and more clean, namely the difference between elastic scattering angle of proton and neutron originating from the breakup of polarized deuteron, is promoted to constrain the symmetry energy at subsaturation density.
We investigate the sensitivity of the non-exclusive nucleon induced deuteron breakup reaction to the three-nucleon interaction and distributions of three-nucleon force effects in inclusive spectra. To this end we solve the three-nucleon Faddeev equation at a number of incoming nucleon laboratory energies using the CD Bonn nucleon-nucleon interaction alone or combined with the 2{pi}-exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force. Based on these solutions energy spectra of an outgoing nucleon, at a specified detection angle as well as spectra integrated over that angle, are calculated. By integrating the spectra at a given angle over the energy of the outgoing nucleon the angular distributions of three-nucleon force effects in the breakup process are additionally obtained. Contrary to elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering, where at higher energies significant three-nucleon force effects were encountered for scattering angles around the minimum of the cross section, for the breakup process only moderate effects are found and they are restricted to forward angles. Results of the present investigation show that the large three-nucleon force effects found for some specific complete breakup configurations are reduced substantially in the incomplete spectra when averaging over contributing complete geometries is performed.
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