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Register a new userSuperfluid fission dynamics with microscopic approaches
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Recent progresses in the description of the latter stage of nuclear fission are reported. Dynamical effects during the descent of the potential towards scission and in the formation of the fission fragments are studied with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach with dynamical pairing correlations at the BCS level. In particular, this approach is used to compute the final kinetic energy of the fission fragments. Comparison with experimental data on the fission of 258Fm are made.
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We study the consequences of the constant-temperature behaviour of nuclei in the superfluid regime for the exchange of excitation energy between two nuclei in thermal contact. This situation is realized at the scission configuration of fission at moderate excitation energies. It is shown that all available excitation energy is transferred to the colder fragment. This effect explains why an increase of excitation energy is translated into an increase of the number of emitted neutrons for the heavy fission fragments only. This observation remained unexplained up to now.
Static and dynamic aspects of the fission process of $^{226}$Th are analyzed in a self-consistent framework based on relativistic energy density functionals. Constrained relativistic mean-field (RMF) calculations in the collective space of axially symmetric quadrupole and octupole deformations, based on the energy density functional PC-PK1 and a $delta$-force pairing, are performed to determine the potential energy surface of the fissioning nucleus, the scission line, the single-nucleon wave functions, energies and occupation probabilities, as functions of deformation parameters. Induced fission dynamics is described using the time-dependent generator coordinate method in the Gaussian overlap approximation. A collective Schrodinger equation, determined entirely by the microscopic single-nucleon degrees of freedom, propagates adiabatically in time the initial wave packet built by boosting the ground-state solution of the collective Hamiltonian for $^{226}$Th. The position of the scission line and the microscopic input for the collective Hamiltonian are analyzed as functions of the strength of the pairing interaction. The effect of static pairing correlations on the pre-neutron emission charge yields and total kinetic energy of fission fragments is examined in comparison with available data, and the distribution of fission fragments is analyzed for different values of the initial excitation energy.
We describe the fission dynamics of $^{240}$Pu within an implementation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) extended to superfluid systems and real-time dynamics. We demonstrate the critical role played by the pairing correlations, which even though are not the driving force in this complex dynamics, are providing the essential lubricant, without which the nuclear shape evolution would come to a screeching halt. The evolution is found to be much slower than previously expected in this fully non-adiabatic treatment of nuclear dynamics, where there are no symmetry restrictions and all collective degrees of freedom (CDOF) are allowed to participate in the dynamics.
We discuss properties of the method based on time dependent superfluid local density approximation (TDSLDA) within an application to induced fission of 240Pu and surrounding nuclei. Various issues related to accuracy of time evolution and the determination of the properties of fission fragments are discussed.
This article reviews how nuclear fission is described within nuclear density functional theory. In spontaneous fission, half-lives are the main observables and quantum tunnelling the essential concept, while in induced fission the focus is on fragment properties and explicitly time-dependent approaches are needed. The cornerstone of the current microscopic theory of fission is the energy density functional formalism. Its basic tenets, including tools such as the HFB theory, effective two-body effective nuclear potentials, finite-temperature extensions and beyond mean-field corrections, are presented succinctly. The EDF approach is often combined with the hypothesis that the time-scale of the large amplitude collective motion driving the system to fission is slow compared to typical time-scales of nucleons inside the nucleus. In practice, this hypothesis of adiabaticity is implemented by introducing (a few) collective variables and mapping out the many-body Schrodinger equation into a collective Schrodinger-like equation for the nuclear wave-packet. Scission configurations indicate where the split occurs. This collective Schrodinger equation depends on an inertia tensor that includes the response of the system to small changes in the collective variables and also plays a special role in the determination of spontaneous fission half-lives. A trademark of the microscopic theory of fission is the tremendous amount of computing needed for practical applications. In particular, the successful implementation of the theories presented in this article requires a very precise numerical resolution of the HFB equations for large values of the collective variables. Finally, a selection of the most recent and representative results obtained for both spontaneous and induced fission is presented with the goal of emphasizing the coherence of the microscopic approaches employed.
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