Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userAssay methods for U-238, Th-232, and Pb-210 in lead and calibration of Bi-210 bremsstrahlung emission from lead
117
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
Assay methods for measuring 238U, 232Th, and 210Pb concentrations in refined lead are presented. The 238U and 232Th concentrations are determined using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) after anion exchange column separation of dissolved lead samples. The 210Pb concentration is inferred through {alpha}-spectroscopy of a daughter isotope, 210Po, after chemical precipitation separation on dissolved lead samples. Subsequent to the 210Po {alpha}-spectroscopy assay, a method for evaluating 210Pb concentrations in solid lead samples was developed via measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation from b{eta}-decay of a daughter isotope, 210Bi, by employing a 14-crystal array of high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Ten sources of refined lead were assayed. The 238U concentrations were <34 microBq/kg and the 232Th concentrations ranged <0.6-15 microBq/kg, as determined by the ICP-MS assay method. The 210Pb concentrations ranged from ~0.1-75 Bq/kg, as inferred by the 210Po {alpha}-spectroscopy assay method.
rate research
Read More
We established a method to assay $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Po contaminations in the bulk of copper samples using a low-background alpha particle counter. The achieved sensitivity for the $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Po contaminations reaches a few mBq/kg. Due to this high sensitivity, the $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Po contaminations in oxygen free copper bulk were identified and measured for the first time. The $^{210}$Pb contaminations of our oxygen free copper samples were 17-40 mBq/kg. Based on our investigation of copper samples in each production step, the $^{210}$Pb in oxygen free copper was understood to be a small residual of an electrolysis process. This method to measure bulk contaminations of $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Po could be applied to other materials.
Clean materials are required to construct and operate many low-background physics experiments. High-purity copper has found broad use because of its physical properties and availability. In this paper, we describe methods to assay and mitigate $^{210}$Pb contamination on copper surfaces, such as from exposure to environmental radon or coming from bulk impurities. We evaluated the efficacy of wet etching on commercial samples and observed that $^{210}$Po contamination from the copper bulk does not readily pass into solution. During the etch, the polonium appears to trap at the copper-etchant boundary, such that it is effectively concentrated at the copper surface. We observed a different behavior for $^{210}$Pb; high-sensitivity measurements of the alpha emissivity versus time indicate the lowest level of $^{210}$Pb contamination ever reported for a commercial copper surface: $0pm12$ nBq/cm$^2$ (1$sigma$). Additionally, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of mitigating trace $^{210}$Pb and $^{210}$Po surface backgrounds using custom, high-purity electroplating techniques. These approaches were evaluated utilizing assays performed with an XIA UltraLo-1800 alpha spectrometer.
A highly stable monitoring system based on blue and red light emitting diodes coupled to a distribution network comprised of optical fibers has been developed for an electromagnetic calorimeter that uses lead tungstate crystals readout with photomultiplier tubes. We report of the system prototype design and on the results of laboratory tests. Stability better than 0.1% (r.m.s.) has been achieved during one week of prototype operation.
The next generation low-background detectors operating deep underground aim for unprecedented low levels of radioactive backgrounds. The deposition and presence of radon progeny on detector surfaces is an added source of energetic background events. In addition to limiting the detector materials radon exposure in order to reduce potential surface backgrounds, it is just as important to clean surfaces to remove inevitable contamination. Such studies of radon progeny removal have generally found that a form of etching is effective at removing some of the progeny (Bi and Pb), however more aggressive techniques, including electropolishing, have been shown to effectively remove the Po atoms. In the absence of an aggressive etch, a significant fraction of the Po atoms are believed to either remain behind within the surface or redeposit from the etching solution back onto the surface. We explore the chemical nature of the aqueous Po ions and the effect of the oxidation state of Po to maximize the Po ions remaining in the etching solution of contaminated Cu surfaces. We present a review of the previous studies of surface radon progeny removal and our findings on the role of oxidizing agents and a cell potential in the preparation of a clean etching technique.
The inorganic crystal scintillator CsI(Tl) has been used for low energy neutrino and Dark Matter experiments, where the intrinsic radiopurity is an issue of major importance. Low-background data were taken with a CsI(Tl) crystal array at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory. The pulse shape discrimination capabilities of the crystal, as well as the temporal and spatial correlations of the events, provide powerful means of measuring the intrinsic radiopurity of Cs-137 as well as the U-235, U-238 and Th-232 series. The event selection algorithms are described, with which the decay half-lives of Po-218, Po-214, Rn-220, Po-216 and Po-212 were derived. The measurements of the contamination levels, their concentration gradients with the crystal growth axis, and the uniformity among different crystal samples, are reported. The radiopurity in the U-238 and Th-232 series are comparable to those of the best reported in other crystal scintillators. Significant improvements in measurement sensitivities were achieved, similar to those from dedicated massive liquid scintillator detector. This analysis also provides in situ measurements of the detector performance parameters, such as spatial resolution, quenching factors, and data acquisition dead time.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
