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Register a new userHadronic matrix elements of neutral-meson mixing through lattice QCD
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C.C. Chang
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Neutral-meson mixing is loop suppressed in the Standard Model, leading to the possibility of enhanced sensitivity to new physics. The uncertainty in Standard Model predictions for $B$-meson oscillation frequencies is dominated by theoretical uncertainties within the short-distance $B$-meson hadronic matrix elements, motivating the need for improved precision. In $D$-meson mixing, the Standard Model short-distance contributions are further suppressed by the GIM mechanism allowing for the possibility of large new physics enhancements. A first-principle determination of the $D$-meson short-distance hadronic matrix elements will allow for model-discrimination between the new physics theories. I review recently published and ongoing lattice calculations of hadronic matrix elements in $B$ and $D$-meson mixing with emphasis on the Fermilab lattice and MILC collaboration effort on the determination of the $B$ and $D$-meson mixing hadronic matrix elements using the methods of lattice QCD.
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We study $B_d$ and $B_s$ mixing in unquenched lattice QCD employing the MILC collaboration gauge configurations that include u, d, and s sea quarks based on the improved staggered quark (AsqTad) action and a highly improved gluon action. We implement the valence light quarks also with the AsqTad action and use the nonrelativistic NRQCD action for the valence b quark. We calculate hadronic matrix elements necessary for extracting CKM matrix elements from experimental measurements of mass differences $Delta M_d$ and $Delta M_s$. We find $xi = f_{B_s} sqrt{hat{B}_{B_s}} / f_{B_d} sqrt{hat{B}_{B_d}} = 1.258(33)$, $f_{B_d} sqrt{hat{B}_{B_d}} = 216(15)$ MeV and $f_{B_s} sqrt{hat{B}_{B_s}} = 266(18)$ MeV. We also update previous results for decay constants and obtain $f_{B_d} = 190(13)$ MeV, $f_{B_s} = 231(15)$ MeV and $f_{B_s}/f_{B_d} = 1.226(26)$. The new lattice results lead to updated values for the ratio of CKM matrix elements $|V_{td}|/|V_{ts}|$ and for the Standard Model prediction for $Br(B_s rightarrow mu^+ mu^-)$ with reduced errors. We determine $|V_{td}|/|V_{ts}| = 0.214(1)(5)$ and $Br(B_s rightarrow mu^+ mu^-) = 3.19(19) times 10^{-9}$.
We calculate in three-flavor lattice QCD the short-distance hadronic matrix elements of all five $Delta C=2$ four-fermion operators that contribute to neutral $D$-meson mixing both in and beyond the Standard Model. We use the MILC Collaborations $N_f = 2+1$ lattice gauge-field configurations generated with asqtad-improved staggered sea quarks. We also employ the asqtad action for the valence light quarks and use the clover action with the Fermilab interpretation for the charm quark. We analyze a large set of ensembles with pions as light as $M_pi approx 180$ MeV and lattice spacings as fine as $aapprox 0.045$ fm, thereby enabling good control over the extrapolation to the physical pion mass and continuum limit. We obtain for the matrix elements in the $overline{text{MS}}$-NDR scheme using the choice of evanescent operators proposed by Beneke emph{et al.}, evaluated at 3 GeV, $langle D^0|mathcal{O}_i|bar{D}^0 rangle = {0.0805(55)(16), -0.1561(70)(31), 0.0464(31)(9), 0.2747(129)(55), 0.1035(71)(21)}~text{GeV}^4$ ($i=1$--5). The errors shown are from statistics and lattice systematics, and the omission of charmed sea quarks, respectively. To illustrate the utility of our matrix-element results, we place bounds on the scale of CP-violating new physics in $D^0$~mixing, finding lower limits of about 10--50$times 10^3$ TeV for couplings of $mathrm{O}(1)$. To enable our results to be employed in more sophisticated or model-specific phenomenological studies, we provide the correlations among our matrix-element results. For convenience, we also present numerical results in the other commonly-used scheme of Buras, Misiak, and Urban.
We calculate the bag parameters for neutral $B$-meson mixing in and beyond the Standard Model, in full four-flavour lattice QCD for the first time. We work on gluon field configurations that include the effect of $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$ sea quarks with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action at three values of the lattice spacing and with three $u/d$ quark masses going down to the physical value. The valence $b$ quarks use the improved NRQCD action and the valence light quarks, the HISQ action. Our analysis was blinded. Our results for the bag parameters for all five operators are the most accurate to date. For the Standard Model operator between $B_s$ and $B_d$ mesons we find: $hat{B}_{B_s}=1.232(53)$, $hat{B}_{B_d}=1.222(61)$. Combining our results with lattice QCD calculations of the decay constants using HISQ quarks from the Fermilab/MILC collaboration and with experimental values for $B_s$ and $B_d$ oscillation frequencies allows determination of the CKM elements $V_{ts}$ and $V_{td}$. We find $V_{ts} = 0.04189(93)$, $V_{td} = 0.00867(23)$ and $V_{ts}/V_{td} = 0.2071(27)$. Our results agree well (within $2sigma$) with values determined from CKM unitarity constraints based on tree-level processes (only). Using a ratio to $Delta M$ in which CKM elements cancel in the Standard Model, we determine the branching fractions ${text{Br}}(B_srightarrow mu^+mu^-) = 3.81(18) times 10^{-9}$ and ${text{Br}}(B_drightarrow mu^+mu^-) = 1.031(54) times 10^{-10}$. We also give results for matrix elements of the operators $R_0$, $R_1$ and $tilde{R}_1$ that contribute to neutral $B$-meson width differences.
We report on our on-going project to calculate proton decay matrix elements using domain-wall fermions on the lattice. By summarizing the history of the proton decay calculation on the lattice, we reveal the systematic errors of those calculations. Then we discuss our approach to tackle those uncertainties and show our preliminary results on the matrix elements.
We present a model-independent calculation of hadron matrix elements for all dimension-six operators associated with baryon number violating processes using lattice QCD. The calculation is performed with the Wilson quark action in the quenched approximation at $beta=6/g^2=6.0$ on a $28^2times 48times 80$ lattice. Our results cover all the matrix elements required to estimate the partial lifetimes of (proton,neutron)$to$($pi,K,eta$) +(${bar u},e^+,mu^+$) decay modes. We point out the necessity of disentangling two form factors that contribute to the matrix element; previous calculations did not make the separation, which led to an underestimate of the physical matrix elements. With a correct separation, we find that the matrix elements have values 3-5 times larger than the smallest estimates employed in phenomenological analyses of the nucleon decays, which could give strong constraints on several GUT models. We also find that the values of the matrix elements are comparable with the tree-level predictions of chiral lagrangian.
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