No Arabic abstract
Polariton polarization can be described in terms of a pseudospin which can be oriented along the $x,,y,$ or $z$ axis, similarly to electron and hole spin. Unlike electrons and holes where time-reversal symmetry requires that the spin-orbit interaction be odd in the momentum, the analogue of the spin-orbit interaction for polaritons, the so-called TE-TM splitting, is even in the momentum. We calculate and compare spin transport of polariton, electron, and hole systems, in the diffusive regime of many scatterings. After dimensional rescaling diffusive systems with spatially uniform particle densities have identical dynamics, regardless of the particle type. Differences between the three particles appear in spatially non-uniform systems, with pumps at a specific localized point. We consider both oscillating pumps and transient (delta-function) pumps. In such systems each particle type produces distinctive spin patterns. The particles can be distinguished by their differing spatial multipole character, their response and resonances in a perpendicular magnetic field, and their relative magnitude which is largest for electrons and weakest for holes. These patterns are manifested both in response to unpolarized pumps which produce in-plane and perpendicular spin signals, and to polarized pumps where the spin precesses from in-plane to out-of-plane and vice versa. These results will be useful for designing systems with large spin polarization signals, for identifying the dominant spin-orbit interaction and measuring subdominant terms in experimental devices, and for measuring the scattering time and the spin-orbit couplings magnitude.
Surface phonon polaritons hold much potential for subwavelength control and manipulation of light at the infrared to terahertz wavelengths. Here, aided by monochromatic scanning transmission electron microscopy - electron energy loss spectroscopy technique, we study the excitation of optical phonon modes in SiC nanorods. Surface phonon polaritons are modulated by the geometry and size of SiC nanorods. In particular, we study the dispersion relation, spatial dependence and geometry and size effects of surface phonon polaritons. These experimental results are in agreement with dielectric response theory and numerical simulation. Providing critical information for manipulating light in polar dielectrics, these findings should be useful for design of novel nanoscale phonon-photonic devices.
We consider exciton-polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of micropillars subjected to circularly polarized (${sigma_pm}$) incoherent pumps, which are arranged to form two domains in the lattice. We predict that the nonlinear interaction between the polaritons and the reservoir excitons gives rise to the topological valley Hall effect where in each valley two counterpropagating helical edge modes appear. Under a resonant pump, ${sigma_pm}$ polaritons propagate in different directions without being reflected around bends. The polaritons propagating along the interface have extremely high effective lifetimes and show fair robustness against disorder. This paves the way for robust exciton-polariton spin separating and transporting channels in which polaritons attain and maintain high degrees of spin polarization, even in the presence of spin relaxation.
The ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising materials for various applications using two dimensional (2D) semiconductors. They have attracted increasing attention due to their unique optical properties originate from neutral and charged excitons. Here, we report negatively charged exciton formation in monolayer TMDs, notably tungsten disulfide WS2. Our theory is based on an effective mass model of neutral and charged excitons, parameterized by ab-initio calculations. Taking into the account the strong correlation between the monolayer WS2 and the surrounding dielectric environment, our theoretical results are in good agreement with one-photon photoluminescence (PL) and reflectivity measurements. We also show that the exciton state with p-symmetry, experimentally observed by two-photon PL emission, is energetically below the 2s-state. We use the equilibrium mass action law, to quantify the relative weight of exciton and trion PL. We show that exciton and trion emission can be tuned and controlled by external parameters like temperature, pumping and injection electrons. Finally, in comparison with experimental measurements, we show that exciton emission in monolayer tungsten dichalcogenides is substantially reduced. This feature suggests that free exciton can be trapped in disordered potential wells to form a localized exciton and therefore offers a route toward novel optical properties.
The coherent spin dynamics of resident carriers, electrons and holes, in semiconductor quantum structures is studied by periodical optical excitation using short laser pulses and in an external magnetic field. The generation and dephasing of spin polarization in an ensemble of carrier spins, for which the relaxation time of individual spins exceeds the repetition period of the laser pulses, are analyzed theoretically. Spin polarization accumulation is manifested either as resonant spin amplification or as mode-locking of carrier spin coherences. It is shown that both regimes have the same origin, while their appearance is determined by the optical pump power and the spread of spin precession frequencies in the ensemble.
Exciton-polaritons are mixed light-matter quasiparticles. We have developed a statistical model describing stochastic exciton-photon transitions within a condensate of exciton polaritons. We show that the exciton-photon correlator depends on the hidden variable which characterizes the rate of exciton-photon transformations in the condensate. We discuss implications of this effect for the quantum statistics of photons emitted by polariton lasers.