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Register a new userMolecular MIMO Communication Link
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Added by
Bonhong Koo
Publication date
2015
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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In this demonstration, we will present the worlds first molecular multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication link to deliver two data streams in a spatial domain. We show that chemical signals such as concentration gradients could be used in MIMO fashion to transfer sequential data. Until now it was unclear whether MIMO techniques, which are used extensively in modern radio communication, could be applied to molecular communication. In the demonstration, using our devised MIMO apparatus and carefully designed detection algorithm, we will show that we can achieve about 1.7 times higher data rate than single input single output (SISO) molecular communication systems.
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In this paper, we propose a novel design for molecular communication in which both the transmitter and the receiver have, in a 3-dimensional environment, multiple bulges (in RF communication this corresponds to antenna). The proposed system consists of a fluid medium, information molecules, a transmitter, and a receiver. We simulate the system with a one-shot signal to obtain the channels finite impulse response. We then incorporate this result within our mathematical analysis to determine interference. Molecular communication has a great need for low complexity, hence, the receiver may have incomplete information regarding the system and the channel state. Thus, for the cases of limited information set at the receiver, we propose three detection algorithms, namely adaptive thresholding, practical zero forcing, and Genie-aided zero forcing.
In diffusion-based molecular communication, information transport is governed by diffusion through a fluid medium. The achievable data rates for these channels are very low compared to the radio-based communication system, since diffusion can be a slow process. To improve the data rate, a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) design for molecular communication is proposed that utilizes multiple molecular emitters at the transmitter and multiple molecular detectors at the receiver (in RF communication these all correspond to antennas). Using particle-based simulators, the channels impulse response is obtained and mathematically modeled. These models are then used to determine inter-link interference (ILI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). It is assumed that when the receiver has incomplete information regarding the system and the channel state, low complexity symbol detection methods are preferred since the receiver is small and simple. Thus four detection algorithms are proposed---adaptive thresholding, practical zero forcing with channel models excluding/including the ILI and ISI, and Genie-aided zero forcing. The proposed algorithms are evaluated extensively using numerical and analytical evaluations.
This paper studies spatial diversity techniques applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) diffusion-based molecular communications (DBMC). Two types of spatial coding techniques, namely Alamouti-type coding and repetition MIMO coding are suggested and analyzed. In addition, we consider receiver-side equal-gain combining, which is equivalent to maximum-ratio combining in symmetrical scenarios. For numerical analysis, the channel impulse responses of a symmetrical $2 times 2$ MIMO-DBMC system are acquired by a trained artificial neural network. It is demonstrated that spatial diversity has the potential to improve the system performance and that repetition MIMO coding outperforms Alamouti-type coding.
Molecular communication between biological entities is a new paradigm in communications. Recently, we studied molecular communication between two nodes formed from synthetic bacteria. Due to high randomness in behavior of bacteria, we used a population of them in each node. The reliability of such communication systems depends on both the maximum concentration of molecules that a transmitter node is able to produce at the receiver node as well as the number of bacteria in each nodes. This maximum concentration of molecules falls with distance which makes the communication to the far nodes nearly impossible. In order to alleviate this problem, in this paper, we propose to use a molecular relaying node. The relay node can resend the message either by the different or the same type of molecules as the original signal from the transmitter. We study two scenarios of relaying. In the first scenario, the relay node simply senses the received concentration and forwards it to the receiver. We show that this sense and forward scenario, depending on the type of molecules used for relaying, results in either increasing the range of concentration of molecules at the receiver or increasing the effective number of bacteria in the receiver node. For both cases of sense and forward relaying, we obtain the resulting improvement in channel capacity. We conclude that multi-type molecular relaying outperforms the single-type relaying. In the second scenario, we study the decode and forward relaying for the M-ary signaling scheme. We show that this relaying strategy increases the reliability of M-ary communication significantly.
Molecular communication is a new field of communication where molecules are used to transfer information. Among the proposed methods, molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) is particularly effective. One of the main challenges in MCvD is the intersymbol interference (ISI), which inhibits communication at high data rates. Furthermore, at the nano scale, energy efficiency becomes an essential problem. Before addressing these problems, a pre-determined threshold for the received signal must be calculated to make a decision. In this paper, an analytical technique is proposed to determine the optimum threshold, whereas in the literature, these thresholds are generally calculated empirically. Since the main goal of this paper is to build an MCvD system suitable for operating at high data rates without sacrificing quality, new modulation and filtering techniques are proposed to decrease the effects of ISI and enhance energy efficiency. As a transmitter-based solution, a modulation technique for MCvD, molecular transition shift keying (MTSK), is proposed in order to increase the data rate via suppressing the ISI. Furthermore, for energy efficiency, a power adjustment technique that utilizes the residual molecules is proposed. Finally, as a receiver-based solution, a new energy efficient decision feedback filter (DFF) is proposed as a substitute for the decoders such as minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The error performance of DFF and MMSE equalizers are compared in terms of bit error rates, and it is concluded that DFF may be more advantageous when energy efficiency is concerned, due to its lower computational complexity.
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