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Register a new userNon-Integrability of Some Higher-Order Painleve Equations in the Sense of Liouville
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In this paper we study the equation $$ w^{(4)} = 5 w (w^2 - w) + 5 w (w)^2 - w^5 + (lambda z + alpha)w + gamma, $$ which is one of the higher-order Painleve equations (i.e., equations in the polynomial class having the Painleve property). Like the classical Painleve equations, this equation admits a Hamiltonian formulation, Backlund transformations and families of rational and special functions. We prove that this equation considered as a Hamiltonian system with parameters $gamma/lambda = 3 k$, $gamma/lambda = 3 k - 1$, $k in mathbb{Z}$, is not integrable in Liouville sense by means of rational first integrals. To do that we use the Ziglin-Morales-Ruiz-Ramis approach. Then we study the integrability of the second and third members of the $mathrm{P}_{mathrm{II}}$-hierarchy. Again as in the previous case it turns out that the normal variational equations are particular cases of the generalized confluent hypergeometric equations whose differential Galois groups are non-commutative and hence, they are obstructions to integrability.
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We construct a solution of an analog of the Schr{o}dinger equation for the Hamiltonian $ H_I (z, t, q_1, q_2, p_1, p_2) $ corresponding to the second equation $P_1^2$ in the Painleve I hierarchy. This solution is produced by an explicit change of variables from a solution of the linear equations whose compatibility condition is the ordinary differential equation $P_1^2$ with respect to $z$. This solution also satisfies an analog of the Schr{o}dinger equation corresponding to the Hamiltonian $ H_{II} (z, t, q_1, q_2, p_1, p_2) $ of Hamiltonian system with respect to $t$ which is compatible with $P_1^2$. A similar situation occurs for the $P_2^2$ equation in the Painleve II hierarchy.
We compare the results of our two papers with the results of the paper Aratyn H., Gomes J.F., Zimerman A.H., Higher order Painleve equations and their symmetries via reductions of a class of integrable models, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., V. 44} (2011), Art. No. 235202.
We present a brief overview of integrability of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations with a focus on the Painleve property: an ODE of second order has the Painleve property if the only movable singularities connected to this equation are single poles. The importance of this property can be seen from the Ablowitz-Ramani-Segur conhecture that states that a nonlinear PDE is solvable by inverse scattering transformation only if each nonlinear ODE obtained by exact reduction of this PDE has the Painleve property. The Painleve property motivated motivated much research on obtaining exact solutions on nonlinear PDEs and leaded in particular to the method of simplest equation. A version of this method called modified method of simplest equation is discussed below.
In this paper a comprehensive review is given on the current status of achievements in the geometric aspects of the Painleve equations, with a particular emphasis on the discrete Painleve equations. The theory is controlled by the geometry of certain rational surfaces called the spaces of initial values, which are characterized by eight point configuration on $mathbb{P}^1timesmathbb{P}^1$ and classified according to the degeration of points. We give a systematic description of the equations and their various properties, such as affine Weyl group symmetries, hypergeomtric solutions and Lax pairs under this framework, by using the language of Picard lattice and root systems. We also provide with a collection of basic data; equations, point configurations/root data, Weyl group representations, Lax pairs, and hypergeometric solutions of all possible cases.
A series of systems of nonlinear equations with affine Weyl group symmetry of type $A^{(1)}_l$ is studied. This series gives a generalization of Painleve equations $P_{IV}$ and $P_{V}$ to higher orders.
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