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Register a new userGeneration of arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere
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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel interferometric approach to generate arbitrary cylindrical vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere. Our scheme is implemented by collinear superposition of two orthogonal circular polarizations with opposite topological charges. By modifying the amplitude and phase factors of the two beams, respectively, any desired vector beams on the higher order Poincare sphere with high tunability can be acquired. Our research provides a convenient way to evolve the polarization states in any path on the high order Poincare sphere.
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We propose that the full Poincar{e} beam with any polarization geometries can be pictorially described by the hybrid-order Poincar{e} sphere whose eigenstates are defined as a fundamental-mode Gaussian beam and a Laguerre-Gauss beam. A robust and efficient Sagnac interferometer is established to generate any desired full Poincar{e} beam on the hybrid-order Poincar{e} sphere, via modulating the incident state of polarization. Our research may provide an alternative way for describing the full Poincar{e} beam and an effective method to manipulate the polarization of light.
We report a novel experimental scheme for single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of vector vortex beam in the blue. Using an ultrafast Ti:Sapphire laser of pulse width ~17 fs and a set of spiral phase plates in polarization based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) we have generated vector vortex beams of order as high as lp = 12 at an average power of 860 mW. Given the space-variant polarization of the vector vortex beam, and the dependence of nonlinear frequency conversion processes on the polarization of the interacting beams, using two contiguous bismuth borate crystals with optic axis orthogonal to each other, we have frequency-doubled the near-IR vector vortex beam into visible vector vortex beams with order as high as lsh=24. The maximum output power of the vector vortex beam of order, lsh =2 is measured be as high as 20.5 mW at a single-pass SHG efficiency of 2.4 %. Controlling the temporal delay in the MZI, we have preserved the vector vortex nature of the beams at both pump and frequency-doubled beams at ultrafast timescales. The measurement on mode purity confirms the generation of high quality vector vortex beams at pump and SHG wavelengths. The generic experimental scheme can be used to generate vector vortex beams across the electromagnetic spectrum.
In recent time, the optical-analogous skyrmions, topological quasiparticles with sophisticated vectorial structures, have received an increasing amount of interest. Here we propose theortically and experimentally a generalized family of these, the tunable optical skyrmion, unveiling a new mechanism to transform between various skyrmionic topologies, including Neel-, Bloch-, and antiskyrmion types, via simple parametric tuning. In addition, Poincare-like geometric representation is proposed to visualize the topological evolution of tunable skyrmions, which we termed Skyrme-Poincare sphere, akin to the spin-orbit representation of complex vector modes. To generate experimentally the tunable optical skyrmions we implemented a digital hologram system based on a spatial light modulator, showing great agreement with our theoretical prediction.
Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), which possesses polarization distribution of rotational symmetry on the transverse plane, can be developed in many optical technologies. Conventional methods to generate CVBs contain redundant interferometers or need to switch among diverse elements, thus being inconvenient in applications containing multiple CVBs. Here we provide a passive polarization-selective device to substitute interferometers and simplify generation setup. It is accomplished by reversing topological charges of orbital angular momentum based on polarization-selective Gouy phase. In the process, tunable input light is the only condition to generate CVB with arbitrary topological charges. To cover both azimuthal and radial parameters of CVBs, we express the mapping between scalar Laguerre-Gaussian light on basic Poincare sphere and CVB on high-order Poincare sphere. The proposed device simplifies the generation of CVBs enormously, and thus has potentials in integrated devices for both quantum and classic optical experiments.
Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) is a structured lightwave characterized by its topologically nontrivial nature of the optical polarization. The unique electromagnetic field configuration of CVBs has been exploited to optical tweezers, laser accelerations, and so on. However, use of CVBs in research fields outside optics such as condensed matter physics has not progressed. In this paper, we propose potential applications of CVBs to those fields based on a general argument on their absorption by matter. We show that pulse azimuthal CVBs around terahertz (THz) or far-infrared frequencies can be a unique and powerful mean for time-resolved spectroscopy of magnetic properties of matter and claim that an azimuthal electric field of a pulse CVB would be a novel way of studying and controlling edge currents in topological materials. We also demonstrate how powerful CVBs will be as a tool for Floquet engineering of nonequilibrium states of matter.
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