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Register a new userOptical properties and interparticle coupling of plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas on a semiconducting substrate
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We present the simulation, fabrication and optical characterization of plasmonic gold bowtie nanoantennas on a semiconducting GaAs substrate as geometrical parameters such as size, feed gap, height and polarization of the incident light are varied. The surface plasmon resonance was probed using white light reflectivity on an array of nominally identical, 35nm thick Au antennas. To elucidate the influence of the semiconducting, high refractive index substrate, all experiments were compared using nominally identical structures on glass. Besides a linear shift of the surface plasmon resonance from 1.08eV to 1.58eV when decreasing the triangle size from 170nm to 100nm on GaAs, we observed a global redshift by 0.25 +- 0.05eV with respect to nominally identical structures on glass. By performing polarization resolved measurements and comparing results with finite difference time domain simulations, we determined the near field coupling between the two triangles composing the bowtie antenna to be 8x stronger when the antenna is on a glass substrate compared to when it is on a GaAs substrate. The results obtained are of strong relevance for the integration of lithographically defined plasmonic nanoantennas on semiconducting substrates and, therefore, for the development of novel optically active plasmonic-semiconducting nanostructures.
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An optical nanoantenna and adjacent atomic systems are strongly coupled when an excitation is repeatedly exchanged between these subsystems prior to its eventual dissipation into the environment. It remains challenging to reach the strong coupling regime but it is equally rewarding. Once being achieved, promising applications as signal processing at the nanoscale and at the single photon level would immediately come into reach. Here, we study such hybrid configuration from different perspectives. The configuration we consider consists of two identical atomic systems, described in a two-level approximation, which are strongly coupled to an optical nanoantenna. First, we investigate when this hybrid system requires a fully quantum description and provide a simple analytical criterion. Second, a design for a nanoantenna is presented that enables the strong coupling regime. Besides a vivid time evolution, the strong coupling is documented in experimentally accessible quantities, such as the extinction spectra. The latter are shown to be strongly modified if the hybrid system is weakly driven and operates in the quantum regime. We find that the extinction spectra depend sensitively on the number of atomic systems coupled to the nanoantenna.
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We present numerical studies, nano-fabrication and optical characterization of bowtie nanoantennas demonstrating their superior performance with respect to the electric field enhancement as compared to other Au nanoparticle shapes. For optimized parameters, we found mean intensity enhancement factors >2300x in the feed-gap of the antenna, decreasing to 1300x when introducing a 5nm titanium adhesion layer. Using electron beam lithography we fabricated gold bowties on various substrates with feed-gaps and tip radii as small as 10nm. In polarization resolved measurement we experimentally observed a blue shift of the surface plasmon resonance from 1.72eV to 1.35eV combined with a strong modification of the electric field enhancement in the feed-gap. Under excitation with a 100fs pulsed laser source, we observed non-linear light emission arising from two-photon photoluminescence and second harmonic generation from the gold. The bowtie nanoantenna shows a high potential for outstanding conversion efficiencies and the enhancement of other optical effects which could be exploited in future nanophotonic devices.
Nanophotonic (nanoplasmonic) structures confine, guide, and concentrate light on the nanoscale. Advancement of nanophotonics critically depends on active nanoscale control of these phenomena. Localized control of the insulator and metallic phases of vanadium dioxide (VO2) would open up a universe of applications in nanophotonics via modulation of the local dielectric environment of nanophotonic structures allowing them to function as active devices. Here we show dynamic reversible control of VO2 insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) locally on the scale of 15 nm or less and control of nanoantennas, observed in the near-field for the first time. Using polarization-selective near-field imaging techniques, we monitor simultaneously the IMT in VO2 and the change of plasmons on gold infrared nanoantennas. Structured nanodomains of the metallic VO2 locally and reversibly transform infrared plasmonic dipolar antennas to monopole antennas. Fundamentally, the IMT in VO2 can be triggered on femtosecond timescale to allow ultrafast nanoscale control of optical phenomena. These unique capabilities open up exciting novel applications in active nanophotonics.
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