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Register a new userNew Physics of Metamaterials
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Z.Y.Wang
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Einstein utilized Lorentz invariance from Maxwells equations to modify mechanical laws and establish the special theory of relativity. Similarly, we may have a different theory if there exists another covariance of Maxwells equations. In this paper, we find such a new transformation where Maxwells equations are still unchanged. Consequently, Veselagos metamaterial and other systems have negative phase velocities without double negative permittivity and permeability can be described by a unified theory. People are interested in the application of metamaterials and negative phase velocities but do not appreciate the magnitude and significance to the spacetime conception of modern physics and philosophy.
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The first three years of the LHC experiments at CERN have ended with the nightmare scenario: all tests, confirm the Standard Model of Particles so well that theorists must search for new physics without any experimental guidance. The supersymmetric theories, a privileged candidate for new physics are nearly excluded. As a potential escape from the crisis, we propose thinking about a series of astonishing relations suggesting fundamental interconnections between the quantum world and the large scale Universe. It seems reasonable that, for instance, the equation relating a quark-antiquark pair with the fundamental physical constants and cosmological parameters must be a sign of new physics. One of the intriguing possibilities is interpreting our relations as a signature of the quantum vacuum containing the virtual gravitational dipoles.
For a discrete function $fleft( xright) $ on a discrete set, the finite difference can be either forward and backward. However, we observe that if $ fleft( xright) $ is a sum of two functions $fleft( xright) =f_{1}left( xright) +f_{2}left( xright) $ defined on the discrete set, the first order difference of $Delta fleft( xright) $ is equivocal for we may have $ Delta ^{f}f_{1}left( xright) +Delta ^{b}f_{2}left( xright) $ where $ Delta ^{f}$ and $Delta ^{b}$ denotes the forward and backward difference respectively. Thus, the first order variation equation for this function $ fleft( xright) $ gives many solutions which include both true and false one. A proper formalism of the discrete calculus of variations is proposed to single out the true one by examination of the second order variations, and is capable of yielding the exact form of the distributions for Boltzmann, Bose and Fermi system without requiring the numbers of particle to be infinitely large. The advantage and peculiarity of our formalism are explicitly illustrated by the derivation of the Bose distribution.
This paper discovers geometric unification theory of the grand unification and gravitational interactions and their new physics according to the general fiber bundle theory, symmetry and so on. Consequently, the research of this paper is based on the exact scientific bases of mathematics and physics. The Lagrangians of the grand unification and gravitational interactions are unifiedly deduced from quantitative causal principle (QCP) and satisfy the gauge invariant principle of general gauge fields interacting with Fermion and/or boson fields. The geometry and physics meanings of gauge invariant property of different physical systems are revealed, and it is discovered that all the Lagrangians of the four fundamental physics interactions are composed of the invariant quantities in corresponding spacetime structures. The difficulties that fundamental physics interactions and Noether theorem are not able to be unifiedly given and investigated are overcome, the geometric unification theory and origins of the four fundamental physics interactions and Noether theorem are shown by QCP, their two-order general Euler-Lagrange Equations and corresponding Noether conservation currents are derived in general curved spacetime. This paper further deduces QCP from symmetric principle. Consequently, geometric unification theory of the grand unification and gravitation theories and Noether theorem based on symmetric principle and the new physics are given in this paper. This paper further gives the unification of QCP and symmetric principle. Thus, this paper opens a door to both study and give new developments of geometric unification theory of physics laws, and using the new geometric unification theory, a lot of research works about different branches of physics can be anew done and expressed simpler with different symmetric characters.
This paper proposes new symmetries (the body-centred cubic periodic symmetries) beyond the standard model. Using a free particle expanded Schrodinger equation with the body-centred cubic periodic symmetry condition, the paper deduces a full baryon spectrum (including mass M, I, S, C, B, Q, J and P) of all 116 observed baryons. All quantum numbers of all deduced baryons are completely consistent with the corresponding experimental results. The deduced masses of all 116 baryons agree with (more than average 98 percent) the experimental baryon masses using only four constant parameters. The body-centred cubic periodic symmetries with a periodic constant ``a about $10^{-23}$m play a crucial rule. The results strongly suggest that the new symmetries really exist. This paper predicts some kind of ``Zeeman effect of baryons, for example: one experimental baryon N(1720)${3/2}^{+}$ with $ Gamma$ = 200 Mev is composed of two N baryons [(N(1659)${3/2}^{+}$ + N(1839)${3/2}^{+}$] = $bar{N(1749)}$${3/2}^{+}$ with $Gamma$ = 1839-1659 = 180 Mev.
This is a philosophy paper rather than mathematical physics work. I will publish it in some other place.
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