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Register a new userApex determination and detection of stellar clumps in the open cluster M 67
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We determined the cluster apex coordinates, studied the substructures and performed membership analysis in the central part (34X33) of the open cluster M 67. We used the individual stellar apexes method developed earlier and classical technique of proper motion diagrams in coordinate system connected with apex. The neighbour-to-neighbour distance technique was applied to detect space details. The membership list was corrected and some stars were excluded from the most probable members list. The apex coordinates have been determined as: A0=132.97deg+/-0.81deg and D0=11.85deg+/-0.90deg. The 2D-space star density field was analysed and high degree of inhomogeneity was found.
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We determined the metallicity ([Fe/H]), together with O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr and Ni abundances for a sample of 10 unevolved or slightly evolved stars belonging to the open cluster M 67. We find an average metallicity [Fe/H]=0.03 +/- 0.01, in very good agreement with previous determinations. All the [X/Fe] abundance ratios are very close to solar. The star-to-star scatter in [Fe/H] and [X/Fe] ratios for all elements, including oxygen, is lower than 0.05 dex, implying that the large dispersion in lithium reported in previous studies is not due to differences in these element abundances. We also find that, when using a homogeneous scale, the abundance pattern of unevolved stars in our sample is very similar to that of evolved stars, suggesting that, at least in this cluster, RGB and clump stars have not undergone any chemical processing. Finally, our results show that M 67 has a chemical composition that is representative of the solar neighborhood.
We present a new determination of the solar fluorine abundance together with abundance measurements of fluorine in two Galactic open clusters. We analyzed a sunspot spectrum, observed by L. Wallace and W. Livingston with the FTS at the McMath/Pierce Solar Telescope situated on Kitt Peak and spectra of four giants in the old cluster M 67 ($sim$4.5 Gyr) and three giants in the young cluster NGC 6404 ($sim$0.5 Gyr), obtained with the CRIRES spectrograph at VLT. Fluorine was measured through synthesis of the available HF lines. We adopted the recent set of experimental molecular parameters of HF delivered by the HITRAN database, and found a new solar fluorine abundance of $A(F) = 4.40pm 0.25$, in good agreement with the M 67 average fluorine abundance of $A(F) = 4.49pm 0.20$. The new solar abundance is in a very good agreement with the meteoritic value. The used modern spectrosynthesis tools, the agreement with the meteoritic value and with the results in open cluster M67, known to be a solar analogue, make our solar determination very robust. At the same time, the fluorine measurement in the above-mentioned open clusters is the first step in the understanding of its evolution during the last $sim$10 Gyr in the Galactic disk. In order to develop this project, a larger sample of open clusters is required, so that it would allow us to trace the evolution of fluorine as a function of time and, in turn, to better understand its origin.
Using the most recent proper-motion determination of the old, Solar-metallicity, Galactic open cluster M 67, in orbital computations in a non-axisymmetric model of the Milky Way, including a bar and 3D spiral arms, we explore the possibility that the Sun once belonged to this cluster. We have performed Monte Carlo numerical simulations to generate the present-day orbital conditions of the Sun and M 67, and all the parameters in the Galactic model. We compute 3.5 times 10^5 pairs of orbits Sun-M 67 looking for close encounters in the past with a minimum distance approach within the tidal radius of M 67. In these encounters we find that the relative velocity between the Sun and M 67 is larger than 20 km/s. If the Sun had been ejected from M 67 with this high velocity by means of a three-body encounter, this interaction would destroy an initial circumstellar disk around the Sun, or disperse its already formed planets. We also find a very low probability, much less than 10^-7, that the Sun was ejected from M 67 by an encounter of this cluster with a giant molecular cloud. This study also excludes the possibility that the Sun and M 67 were born in the same molecular cloud. Our dynamical results convincingly demonstrate that M67 could not have been the birth cluster of our Solar System.
We present time-resolved spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of the AM Her system EU Cnc. EU Cnc is located near the core of the old open cluster Messier 67; new proper motion measurements indicate that EU Cnc is indeed a member of the star cluster, this system therefore is useful to constrain the formation and evolution of magnetic cataclysmic variables. The spectra exhibit two-component emission features with independent radial velocity variations as well as time-variable cyclotron emission indicating a magnetic field strength of 41 MG. The period of the radial velocity and cyclotron hump variations are consistent with the previously-known photometric period, and the spectroscopic flux variations are consistent in amplitude with previous photometric amplitude measurements. The secondary star is also detected in the spectrum. We also present polarimetric imaging measurements of EU Cnc that show a clear detection of polarization, and the degree of polarization drops below our detection threshold at phases when the cyclotron emission features are fading or not evident. The combined data are all consistent with the interpretation that EU Cnc is a low-state polar in the cluster Messier 67. The mass function of the system gives an estimate of the accretor mass of M_WD >= 0.68 M_sun with M_WD ~ 0.83 M_sun for an average inclination. We are thus able to place a lower limit on the progenitor mass of the accreting WD of >= 1.43 M_sun.
The old, solar metallicity open cluster Messier 67 has long been considered a lynchpin in the study and understanding of the structure and evolution of solar-type stars. The same is arguably true for stellar remnants - the white dwarf population of M67 provides crucial observational data for understanding and interpreting white dwarf populations and evolution. In this work, we determine the white dwarf masses and derive their progenitor star masses using high signal-to-noise spectroscopy of warm ($gtrsim10,000$ K) DA white dwarfs in the cluster. From this we are able to derive each white dwarfs position on the initial-final mass relation, with an average $M_{mathrm WD} = 0.60pm 0.01 M_{odot}$ and progenitor mass $M_i = 1.52pm 0.04 M_{odot}$. These values are fully consistent with recently published linear and piecewise linear fits to the semi-empirical initial-final mass relation and provide a crucial, precise anchor point for the initial-final mass relation for solar-metallicity, low-mass stars. The mean mass of M67 white dwarfs is also consistent with the sharp narrow peak in the local field white dwarf mass distribution, indicating that a majority of recently-formed field white dwarfs come from stars with progenitor masses of $approx 1.5 M_{odot}$. Our results enable more precise modeling of the Galactic star formation rate encoded in the field WD mass distribution.
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