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Register a new userParticle-scale reversibility in athermal particulate media below jamming
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We perform numerical simulations of athermal repulsive frictionless disks and spheres in two and three spatial dimensions undergoing cyclic quasi-static simple shear to investigate particle-scale reversible motion. We identify three classes of steady-state dynamics as a function of packing fraction phi and maximum strain amplitude per cycle gamma_{rm max}. Point-reversible states, where particles do not collide and exactly retrace their intra-cycle trajectories, occur at low phi and gamma_{rm max}. Particles in loop-reversible states undergo numerous collisions and execute complex trajectories, but return to their initial positions at the end of each cycle. Loop-reversible dynamics represents a novel form of self-organization that enables reliable preparation of configurations with specified structural and mechanical properties over a broad range of phi from contact percolation to jamming onset at phi_J. For sufficiently large phi and gamma_{rm max}, systems display irreversible dynamics with nonzero self-diffusion.
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Using confocal microscopy we investigate the effect of attraction on the packing of polydisperse emulsions under gravity. We find that the distributions of neighbors, coordination number, and local packing fraction as a function of attraction are captured by recently proposed geometrical modeling and statistical mechanics approaches to granular matter. This extends the range of applicability of these tools to polydisperse, attractive jammed packings. Furthermore, the dependence of packing density and average coordination number on the strength of attraction provides the first experimental test of a phase diagram of athermal jammed particles. The success of these theoretical frameworks in describing a new class of systems gives support to the much-debated statistical physics of jammed matter.
We show that non-Brownian suspensions of repulsive spheres below jamming display a slow relaxational dynamics with a characteristic time scale that diverges at jamming. This slow time scale is fully encoded in the structure of the unjammed packing and can be readily measured via the vibrational density of states. We show that the corresponding dynamic critical exponent is the same for randomly generated and sheared packings. Our results show that a wide variety of physical situations, from suspension rheology to algorithmic studies of the jamming transition are controlled by a unique diverging timescale, with a universal critical exponent.
We numerically investigate stress relaxation in soft athermal disks to reveal critical slowing down when the system approaches the jamming point. The exponents describing the divergence of the relaxation time differ dramatically depending on whether the transition is approached from the jammed or unjammed phase. This contrasts sharply with conventional dynamic critical scaling scenarios, where a single exponent characterizes both sides. We explain this surprising difference in terms of the vibrational density of states (vDOS), which is a key ingredient of linear viscoelastic theory. The vDOS exhibits an extra slow mode that emerges below jamming, which we utilize to demonstrate the anomalous exponent below jamming.
We investigate the jamming transition in a quasi-2D granular material composed of regular pentagons or disks subjected to quasistatic uniaxial compression. We report six major findings based on experiments with monodisperse photoelastic particles with static friction coefficient $muapprox 1$. (1) For both pentagons and disks, the onset of rigidity occurs when the average coordination number of non-rattlers, $Z_{nr}$ , reaches 3, and the dependence of $Z_{nr}$ on the packing fraction $phi$ changes again when $Z_{nr}$ reaches 4. (2) Though the packing fractions $phi_{c1}$ and $phi_{c2}$ at these transitions differ from run to run, for both shapes the data from all runs with different initial configurations collapses when plotted as a function of the non-rattler fraction. (3) The averaged values of $phi_{c1}$ and $phi_{c2}$ for pentagons are around 1% smaller than those for disks. (4) Both jammed pentagons and disks show Gamma distribution of the Voronoi cell area with same parameters. (5) The jammed pentagons have similar translational order for particle centers but slightly less orientational order for contacting pairs comparing to jammed disks. (6) For jammed pentagons, the angle between edges at a face-to-vertex contact point shows a uniform distribution and the size of a cluster connected by face-to-face contacts shows a power-law distribution.
Granulation is a ubiquitous process crucial for many products ranging from food and care products to pharmaceuticals. Granulation is the process in which a powder is mixed with a small amount of liquid (binder) to form solid agglomerates surrounded by air. By contrast, at low solid volume fractions {phi}, the mixing of solid and liquid produces suspensions. At intermediate {phi}, either granules or dense suspensions are produced, depending on the applied stress. We address the question of how and when high shear mixing can lead to the formation of jammed, non-flowing granules as {phi} is varied. In particular, we measure the shear rheology of a model system - a suspension of glass beads with an average diameter of $sim$ 7 {mu}m - at solid volume fractions {phi} $gtrsim$ 0.40. We show that recent insights into the role of inter-particle friction in suspension rheology allow us to use flow data to predict some of the boundaries between different types of granulation as {phi} increases from $sim$ 0.4 towards and beyond the maximum packing point of random close packing.
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